THE MATHEMATICAL DIVISION OF THE FACE.

All the faculties and powers which relate to or assist in mathematical computation and demonstration are found in the upper or third division of the face, as exhibited in the outline cut on page 288. This attribute pervades all things, and shows the divisibility of substances, space, and time. Mankind would be like the blind groping in daylight without this power of computing, numbering, and demonstrating the numerical divisibility of all things in Nature. Statistics, surveying, navigation, weighing, measuring, and all business transactions involving calculation and accounting, come under the action of this department of the mind. Time in music, rhythm in poetry, the periodicity and revolution of the heavenly bodies, the succession of the seasons, and the quantitative particles of matter, are all subject to the laws of mathematics. So much of one element, another quantity of a different constituent, and a third proportion of some other substance, gas, acid, or ether, go to form every atom of organized life or matter of which the senses can take cognizance. There is no doubt that the pulsations of the heart and the natural accentuation of speech are subject to mathematical law. Indeed, there seems to be a law of correspondence throughout all Nature, by which the laws of all departments are correlated and act in unison with each other.

If the motions of the planets and the duration of the seasons, with all their sequences, are subjects of mathematical law and demonstration; if, in short, every atom of every kind whatever is regulated and governed by this all-pervading law of numerical certainty, why is it not reasonable to conclude that man's life, its duration and pathway or orbit through time and space, are also matters of law, coming naturally and necessarily under the law of mathematical certainty, and susceptible of demonstration like every other atom, or organization of atoms, in the universe? You may say that this is but a restatement of what is called "the law of destiny." I do not object to that term, if it be so understood as to include scientific law as the basis of the destination of all created matter. I do not give out this idea as based on a settled law of Nature, because I cannot substantiate it by well-demonstrated facts; but reasoning from all the analogies of Nature,—from the harmony that I observe attending all her operations, and from the co-ordination of all her forces,-I believe that mathematical law may be the basis of the duration of our allotted time here. Its universality of application is simply unlimited; yet easily demonstrated, by all who will investigate natural phenomena.

Sir John Herschel says:

It is a character of all the higher laws of Nature to assume the form of a precise quantitative statement. The law of gravitation expresses the exact mathematical decrease of the gravitating force with the increase of the distances. Chemistry is, in a most prominent degree, a science of quantity. Astronomy likewise builds on mathematically-expressed relations : the satellite revolving around its primary describes equal areas in equal times, and the squares of these periodic times are as the cubes of the distance. In the vegetable kingdom two is the number ruling in the flowerless plants, three in the endogenous, and five in the exogenous. There is a mathematical law also governing the relative number of petals, sepals, and stamens, and the growth of leaves around the stalk. In animal life the mollusk forms a perfect geometric curve, and proportions the size of its whorls to the distance between them; and in the higher animals it is discovered, as in the number and size of the vertebræ, the number of teeth, etc., the same fact of a quantitative principle prevailing everywhere while yet in subordination to special laws of function or mode of life.

TIME.

COMPRISED IN THE FIVE SYSTEMS OF FUNCTIONS.

"The mysteries of God are revealed in Space and Time, through Form and Motion. They are concentrated in Rhythm, which is vibration or swing of matter through equal spaces and in equal times."-DELSARTE.

"In all motions the central element is time, and all motions are rhythmical or have measurable forms or limits, and when these are reached they tend to repeat themselves or return to equipoise. The smallest of these forms are the waves of the forces, and the largest are the paths of the cosmical bodies."-BOOK OF WISDOM.

Definition. Movement, periodicity, rhythm, harmony, the time-telling and time-keeping faculty; promptitude, regularity, exactness in keeping engagements; precision in walking; automatic movements of the body and limbs in marching and beating time to music; capacity to comprehend the periodicity of the movements of the earth and heavenly bodies, as in astronomy and in the manufacture and use of scientific instruments; related to the motions of machinery, also to the physical habits of digestion, sleeping, waking, breathing, speaking, and singing; adapted to a knowledge of passing time, as in the succession of the seasons,of years, months, days, minutes, and seconds; rhythmic time regulates the pulsations of the heart and lungs, also the movements in dancing and waltzing, and governs the pauses and sentences in oratory, as well as the cadence or measure of poetry. Time is the regulator of the flow of the sap and juices of vegetable life, and causes the recurrence of the seasons by the yearly revolution of the earth on its axis. The faculty of Time gives the ability to tell the time of day or night, instinctively, without reference to a timepiece.

An excess of this faculty causes one to be exact, fussy, precise and overprompt in keeping engagements and in exacting the

same of others. It tends to form the habit of constantly beating time to every rhythmic sound, as in the ticking of a clock, etc.

A deficiency makes one careless in regard to keeping appointments and in observing set times and seasons; causes an irregular, shambling gait; prevents precision in music and dancing; creates unskillfulness in the use of automatic instruments and the manipu lation of machinery.

Facial and Bodily Signs.-The sources of Time within the

COVERER.)

Born in England, 1642 (O. S.) Conspicuous facial sign, Time, shown by spherical form of head, and rect

human organism are so many and so diverse that I have decided to give the general signs and follow with a classification of them as they are revealed by the peculiarities of the human form and systemic mechanism.

The general signs by which we may distinguish the presence of the faculty of Time are shown, first, by a predominance of the brain system, a pear-shaped or ovoid face, small chin, thin cheeks, relatively small nose, and thin lips

angularity of the face, and right-angled appearance brain system predominant. of all the features. The law of the straight line, square, and sphere governs this face. The brain system is dominant, the bony system ranking second, and the vegetative powers normal. The sign for Conscientiousness is largely represented, and assisted this character

in comprehending those laws and truths of Nature

which he discovered. Firmness is large; Alimentiveness, average; Benevolence, well defined; Pneumative

ness. Color, Love of Young, Patriotism, Love of Home,

Modesty, and Friendship, conspicuous; Self-esteem, small. The nose is high, long, broad, and bony. The signs for Analysis, Mental Imitation, Sublimity, Ideality, Constructiveness, Acquisitiveness, Veneration, Executiveness, and Self-will are of the first order; while Form, Size, Language, Weight, Calculation, Locality, Observation, Memory of Events, Reason, Time, Order, and Intuition are prominent. This portrait discloses a character of the first magnitude, and is that of a moral, religious, and scientific man.

Second, by squareness of the face and forehead, an gular head, square shoulders, and squareness of the bones of the entire bodyosseous system predominant. Third, by roundness of the face, head, body, limbs, and entire formmuscular system predomi

nant. Fourth, by a fine development of the thoracic system, shown by a high, arched chest and a sharply-defined, receding forehead; high and large nose; bright eyes; lively gait-thoracic system dominant. Fifth, by supremacy of the vegetative system: this is shown by a preponderance of soft, fatty tissue all over the body; full, globular cheeks; large mouth; slow motions; dull, sleepy eye; slow pulse; feeble mental power, and childish facial expression. All of these

sorts of time are found combined in various ways and in varying degrees. When thus combined they will exhibit some of the peculiarities of each system, and thus one individual is able to make use of several kinds of time in his trade or profession.

DESCRIPTION OF TIME.-The phase of time exemplified by the predominance of the brain system, or ovoid form, gives ability for astronomy and for those geometric calculations upon which Time is dependent. It also includes the reasoning and logical processes essential to the comprehen

sion of vast and complex systems of laws which are concerned in the movements of the planetary system,-the basis of time. The intellect discovers laws through the faculties of Comparison and Causality, and originates new methods and systems of computing and calculating time and motion.

The sort of time which is originated and exhibited by the osseous or bony system is in accord with the square form, which is precise, rectangular, practical, prompt, and conscientious, hence adapted to the use of time in the manufacture and manipulation of scientific instruments which require accuracy and which execute rhythmic movements, and in the construction and use of machinery in which the mechanical principles of the laws of gravity and circuloid motion are dominant. It also gives the tendency to the practical application of time as an element in scientific instruments, in surveying, in mensuration, and other mechanical pursuits, in the use of the stethoscope and other instruments required in medical treatment. This sort of time tends to promptness in meeting engagements, causes precision in walking, making the steps exact and uniform in length. It gives the faculty of being

FIG. 110.-MISS MARIA MITCHELL. (ASTRONOMER,
DISCOVERER, MATHEMATICIAN.)

Born in Massachusetts, 1818. Facial sign, Time, shown by a general rectangularity of the face. The law of the straight line, square, and cube governs this physiognomy. In this countenance are to be found all the elements of scientific greatness; therefore all of the more reliable traits of character. Firmness and Conscientiousness are large; Economy, Patriotism, Love of Home and of Young, Benevolence, Amativeness, Self-esteem, and Modesty are singularly prominent. The wide mouth and full eyes show linguistic capacity. The long, wide, and bony nose discloses indications of scientific talent. The signs in it of Analysis, Ideality, Sublimity, Mental Imitation, Constructiveness, Acquisitiveness, Veneration, Executiveness, and Self-will are highly developed. The width of the bridge of the nose denotes logical ability. Size, Form, Weight, Locality, Calculation, Memory of Events, and Intuition are conspicuous. This lady was for twenty-five years Professor of Astronomy in Vassar College. She also made many important astronomical discoveries.

able to tell the time of day or night by the sense of passing time. The osseous system, by virtue of its angular construction, is conspicuous by its ability to use time as related to divisions, whether by the yearly or diurnal motions of the earth, or by the use of instruments or machinery which divide time into exact, set, precise periods, in contradistinction to that sort of time which is rythmic in its smoothly-revolving motion, as with a circular body. The

FIG. 111.-SIGNOR LUIGI ARDITI. (MUSICAL COM-
POSER AND CONDUCTOR.)

Born in Piedmont, 1825. Conspicuous facial sign, - Time, shown by the roundness of the face, head, eyes,

former would deal best with machinery in which cogwheels were used, while the latter-the muscular form -would deal best with the wheels of a watch or revolving machinery with bands and pulleys. The squareboned form, allied to a fine and large brain system, is the combination observed in most astronomers, surveyors, architects, naturalists, and inventors. Examine, for example, the physiognomies of Rudolph Virchow, Charles Darwin, C. H. M. McCormack, Bunsen, Sir

and ears. The law of the curve governs this face. This Schleiden,

entire organism is fashioned upon the curvilinear plan, and, associated with large Executiveness, affords the right build for musical leadership. The chin and lower jaws are curved in true artistic form. Love of Home

William Herschel, Pasteur,

and of Country are well defined; so also are Firm, Arago, John Draper, Edi

Benevolence, Approbativeness, Friendship, Alimentiveness, Hospitality, Mirthfulness, Color, Sanativeness, and Force. In the nose the signs for Human Nature, Mental Imitation, Analysis, Ideality, Constructiveness, Acquisitiveness, Veneration, and Executiveness are manifest. Form, Size, Language, Music, Memory of Events, and Intuition are quite noticeable. The Quality

son, and Count de Lesseps. Squareness, regularity, precision, and a capacity for

is fine, and the amount of Color in the organism gives comprehending the truths

force and tone to his compositions, power in leadership, and enthusiasm to whatever he engages in.

of Nature, and natural law must be present in order to comprehend abstract and absolute truth, and this talent is best displayed by squareness of the entire osseous system in combination with a brain that can reason logically from cause to effect. A certain degree of each of these sorts of time is essential to a high development of this faculty, as more than one phase is required for all high calculations. The elements of roundness and squareness, for example, are needed to demonstrate geometry, elementary or analytical.

A round, muscular body and head and oval face will exhibit the sort of time which requires smooth, gliding, rhythmic motion,