ANALYSIS.

Definition. The ability to separate, classify, and suggest changes and note differences. Analysis, according to Webster, is "the tracing of things to their source and the resolving of knowledge into its original principles." It tends to practicality, ingenuity, invention, resource, and fertility of expedients.

An excess gives a tendency to be hypercritical, captious, and fault-finding without reason.

A deficiency is shown by inability to separate, classify, and re-arrange ideas and principles, also the elements and constituents of literary, musical, and art ideas; and in mechanics it shows by failure to comprehend the elements of mechanical forces and their combinations and effects.

Facial and Bodily Signs.-The presence of good analytical ability is shown by the drooping downward of that portion of the nasal septum just forward of and adjoining the principal mental sign for Hope, that is to say, the centre of the nasal septum. Another and a secondary sign is shown by a slightly receding forehead, together with a high and relatively long nose. Although many musical noses are short, yet they indicate the sort of analysis adapted to the comprehension of musical laws and principles. Mechanical analysis is best developed in those in whom the bony system is slightly in the ascendency, combined with a good muscular development. Analysis of a practical phase is also observed where the bony system is one of the dominant systems. The physiognomies of Porta, Julius Cæsar, Byron, Dickens, Shakespeare, and Sir Walter Scott exhibit large Analysis. The sign for Analysis lies close to the sign for the liver and thus indicates its origin. Where the septum does not project below the alæ or sides of the nostrils it denotes a torpid liver and a deficiency of analytical

power.

DESCRIPTION OF ANALYSIS.-The ability for analyzing is universal in civilized races and not lacking in the animal. It endows the character with the ability to suggest inventions, improvements in art, mechanism, music, human nature, and literature. It assists the chemist, the mathematician, and astronomer. It is accompanied by a fertile, suggestive, criticizing mind, and is ever ready with expedients and resources. Its action is affected by the development of the liver, yet not in the same degree as is Hope. The physiognomies of La Place, Dr. John Hunter, Dr. Jenner; Canova, the sculptor; Sarah Siddons, actress; and Roebling, engineer, all exhibit this sign well defined. The faces of thousands of others eminent in all the active walks of life bear the facial record of

this trait in unmistakable characters. Its physiognomical base is not to be doubted. That the high development and normal action of the liver give clearness to the inventive mental processes, all ingenious and fertile-minded characters attest. Show me a man with a weak, undeveloped, torpid liver, and I will show you a character that is deficient in the capacity to invent or to analyze well in active art or science. Even temporary inactivity of the

liver, in those who have inherited a normal devel opment of this organ, prevents for the time being that clearness of thought and power to reason upon principles which are char acteristic of the mind in a state of perfect health. Although it may not cloud the memory nor the sense of Locality, of Language. of Music, of Form, of Ven eration, of Modesty, of Love of Young, or other faculties, yet the power to sug gest, invent, and mentally

Conspicuous facial sign, classify will be weakened for the time being, or until the functional activity of the liver is restored.

Born in England, 1819. Analysis, shown by downward projection of the centre of the septum of the nose. The law of the straight line and curve governs this face. The domestic faculties in this character are unevenly developed. Firmness is measurably deficient, but Love of Home, Love of Young, Patriotism, and Benevolence are all well defined, while Friendship is only of average size. Self-esteem is large. It is from the size and shape of the nose added to high quality that we derive our knowledge of the mental

The capacity for analyzing is most essential to scientists, such as chemists and physicians. It assists by its suggestive power the discovery of new principles and combinations. It is one of the indispen sable traits toward a correct comprehension of Human Nature, whether in the physician or physiognomist. I could not conscientiously recommend any one to attempt either of these professions who was greatly deficient in this gift. It is adapted to the comprehension of natural laws and unfolds the mechanical workings of all departments of Nature, and leads to discoveries of the occult and latent principles controlling the sources of light,

power and bias of this artistic mind. The nose is of large
artistic noses are ; it is high at the bridge, showing power
for command, and the septum is drooping. Let us trans-
late these forms and this combination into character:
Height of the point of the nose from the plane of the
face shows Human Nature; the droop of the septum,
Hope and Analysis; at the under, the express tip, we find
Mental Imitation large; while in close contiguity are
the signs for Ideality, Sublimity, Constructiveness, Ac-
quisitiveness, Veneration, Executiveness, and Self-will
all conspicuous; and Language, Observation, Locality,
Size, Form, Memory of Events, Prescience, Order, and
Time are well delineated. The hair in the arrangement
above the forehead shows inventive capacity.
gether the make-up of a fine artistic character.

size, nostrils wide and nose thick at the lower third, as all

Alto

meat, and motion. It is the faculty which is the chief agent in iscoveries in electricity, biology, mathematics, and astronomy, which every day startle the world by their accuracy and imporance. Many uneducated persons have, with the assistance of this rait, been able to make inventions of great importance, and if one annot get an education a large endowment of this faculty almost akes its place, and its constant exercise will cause one to become intelligent in many

branches of knowledge. Such a one was William Murdock, whose biography has been written by Samuel Smiles in his work on "Men of Industry and Invencion."* This man arose From the condition of a poor, uneducated Scotch mason, and became the inventor of the application of coal-gas as an illumimant and of other commercial uses, and also of very many inventions in connection with steam-engines. He was the able assistant of James Watt, working with and assisting him for years in his inventions. He became one of the world's benefactors through a constant and practical exercise of his analytical powers. It is worthy of remark, however, that his talent came to him as an inheritance transmitted through a line of ancestors who had been mechanical for generations, thus proving that a trait intensified by the exercise of many generations, when transmitted, often displays itself in the form of an instinct, and gives the capacity for spontaneous and instinctive expression, as witness the compositions of Mozart at four, Meyerbeer at six, and of Goethe, the poet, at six. Also the mathematical genius of Zerah Colburn, who, at six years of age, was able to "divine," as one might say, the answers to vast sums, and this without any previous

Born in Germany, 1804. Conspicuous facial sign, Analysis. The law of the straight line, curve, and cube governs this face. The domestic and moral virtues are amply represented in the lower part of this face. The nose and forehead (particularly the lower part of the forehead) are most striking. In the nose are the signs for Hope, Analysis, Mental Imitation, Human Nature, Constructiveness, Acquisitiveness, and Veneration very large. The region about the eyes discloses a wonderful

development, for here Observation is immense and PresSize, Language, Music, Time, Order, Memory of Events,

cience uncommonly large, while Locality, Weight, Form, Reason, and Intuition' combine in such large degree as to enable the character to manifest the highest scientific gifts,-the powers of intuitive insight and discovery of the forces of Nature and their application to human necessities.

* Men of Industry and Invention, Samuel Smiles, p. 118.
†This cut is by permission of D. Appleton & Co., New York,

education, a proof of inherited analytical power, which in his case worked spontaneously and without knowledge on his part as to how he produced the results. In all youthful prodigies, whose minds work spontaneously and who exhibit effects which are in others attained only by years of practice and experience, their talents are of the nature of instinct, and act as automatically as does the newborn infant in the act of sucking or grasping.

The human family exhibits many instincts, some not of as high a grade as are shown by animals. Yet, when they reveal themselves in the spontaneous acts of genius, the fine self-conceit of man attributes them to something higher even than reason, when, in fact, precocious genius is always shown by an instinctive or automatic manner of doing things,—a method which is popularly considered to be the special attribute of the animal kingdom when exercised in a similar manner by the latter. Genius or spontaneous action is well illustrated by the spider, ant, and bee in their beautiful and ingenious constructions. The architectural and mathematical principles exhibited by these several species have been transmitted to them from ancestors who possessed these talents.

I have never examined either portrait or bust of any greatly talented person, or a genius in art, science, or mechanics, that was deficient in the sign for Analysis. A word of caution is here added to those who prepare drawings for works of biography and ethnology: Too little attention is given to the details of the two most prominent features of the human organism, viz., the nose and ear. Many artists seem to think that any form in the shape of a human ear will do for any given portrait, whereas the truth is, that the ear of every person is as different and as individualized as is the nose or mouth. Not only is this the case, but each ear on the head of any given person is quite different and distinct in its shape from the other car. So great is this disparity that, in examining the two ears of any subject, one would scarcely believe that they could belong to the same head; while the minute details in the shape of the nose, more particularly about the tip and septum, are often entirely ignored by even the most talented painters. Now, it is these minute variations in form which disclose great and important characteristics. The physiognomist must see these fine shades and grades of form portrayed in marble or on canvas before he can describe accurately the character intended to be represented, hence the drawing for works of ethnology must be most correctly deline ated in order to present the most faithful exposition of character.

The power of Analysis is greatly called into activity in the investigation of human character. Nowhere is it of such impor

tance, and, as we have no way for discerning and discovering character, both mental and physical, as certain as by the examination of the human face, so it is apparent that the most minute details and variations in form and size must be closely scrutinized and analyzed before a final verdict can be given.

This trait is equally useful in art, in mechanics, and science. One of its most efficient uses is in the comprehension of the human body and mind. Any face which shows a deficiency of this faculty is not well adapted to the study of science, more particularly that of human science as shown in evolution, psychology, and physiog nomy. No original thinker, actor, artist, poet, or painter is deficient in this trait, and this is why the noses of these classes present such a variety of shape and peculiarity of structure in the region of the septum and tip of the nose, and also about the lower third of the nose, which in imaginative and constructive characters is quite developed in size and form as compared to the noses of commonplace and ordinary individuals.

So surely is Analysis the sign of a high and perfected people that it is never seen in the physiognomies of undeveloped races, such, for example, as the natives of many parts of Africa, New Holland, and also in the countenances of congenital idiots. It is also a distinguishing difference between the more highly evolved or talented and original characters and the very ordinary, unimaginative, and non-inventive persons among the civilized races. It is one of those traits which a developed humanity has evolved along with many other high faculties. This circumstance is one proof of the high improvability of the race, assuring us that there are yet greater heights to which character can attain. The many grades and degrees of this faculty observed among different individuals of the civilized races, ranging all the way from a total deficiency to a highly-marked degree, show us that its development is still going on, and that as physiological evolution progresses the human mind develops in the same ratio. The bodies of the lowest races are in just the same defective state as are their minds. An examination of their bodily and facial features will confirm this statement. We have only to use our powers of observation, analysis, and comparison, if we desire to verify any appearance in the human body or face which seems obscure. Our senses were given for this purpose, and when we refrain from using our powers in any department of our nature we decrease our ability in that direction. "Use increases capacity," hence we should not rely entirely upon others for moral support, logical deductions, comparison, or analysis, but put forth our own efforts, and thus by continuous attempts in higher directions develop a higher morality, more