animals in India, where they are employed in various mechanical and warlike enterprises, where their fine qualities of mind are used to advance man's interests. In this creature, caution is balanced by reason, hence he is not suspicious, but watchful. "In all work," says Mr. Wood, "which requires the application of great strength combined with singular judgment the elephant is supreme." Cautiousness is a universal faculty and is useful in all the walks of life, giving vigilance, providence, and discretion to character. It is allied to Alimentiveness, for it assists in looking ahead and by foresight accumulates and stores up for a rainy day. It is an assistant of Acquisitiveness, as it guides this faculty in the acquisition and care of money, property, etc. All of the higher mental faculties are indebted to its influence in causing them to refrain from hazardous and risky enterprises, in order to prevent future trouble. Cautious persons seek advice from those who have had experience, while short-nosed, incautious characters rush into all sorts of dangers and enterprises in a reckless fashion, unheeding the warnings of those more experienced. If possessed of small Caution and large Force and Resistance and only average Reason, they will be constantly embroiled in disputes and quarrels, because unable to control the temper, and, possessing no Caution, will give loose rein to the tongue and sometimes to the fist and pistol. Those of this combination are perpetually meeting with what they term "accidents," in which they succeed in getting cuts, burns, and falls, and are often engaged in disastrous adventures. Bullies, braggarts, and loose, unreliable talkers are lacking in Caution. An excess of Caution is more universal in America than among Europeans. It is caused by the greater degree of delicacy of the nervous system which this climate produces and which causes fear, apprehension of bodily injury, timidity, and nervousness. Women are far more cautious than men. The conservative nature of woman, as the mother and care-taker of the young and guardian of the family, results in more caution and also adds foresight and prudence, and for this reason most mothers are better able to disburse the family funds than the father. The anxiety for the future welfare of the family causes care and providence in the disposition of money and in storing up for emergencies. Children are usually more cautious than adults, and in many its excess creates groundless fears and great mental suffering. Weak, timid children should be trained in a gymnasium with the view of making them more courageous, strong, and self-willed, which result can be produced by developing all the muscles until they dominate or equal the nervous system. Driving, rowing, swimming, and all athletic sports assist in developing courage and give force and decision to the character. Associating with the strong and courageous is another method of imparting confidence to the irresolute. It engenders a desire to imitate, and, as the weak admire the strong, they will endeavor to follow their example if thrown constantly in their society. It is a law of human nature that all admire most those qualities in others in which they are themselves deficient. I have known many weak and timid women become expert and courageous horsewomen by practicing driving, when formerly they had suffered tortures in a short drive for fear of some accident. Nothing overcomes fear as thoroughly as experiment and intelligent comprehension of the nature of the thing feared. Children are often injured beyond recovery by forcing them into the water against their wish. When it is desired that they should be taught bathing and swimming they should be allowed to enter and leave the water at their own pleasure, and gradually, by easy stages, they will lose all fear of it, particularly if they enter with more courageous children. They should never be "ducked" to furnish amusement for some "tease," who thinks it great fun to hear the poor little things scream. Such methods are criminal, and should never be pursued with timid children. Frightening them by bug-a-boo stories also increases their fear and induces nervous disorders. A good, sound whipping as a punishment hurts a child far less than threatening them with mysterious and occult beings, or shutting them up in dark rooms, for these methods have been known to produce convulsions and loss of reason. The force of example is well illustrated in the conduct of two mothers whom I knew in my childhood. One, on the approach of a thunderstorm, took her children out upon the porch and watched with great enjoyment its approach, and entered the house only when driven in by the rain. They all seemed to derive great pleasure from the scene. The other mother, on the approach of a storm, gathered her children together in an agitated and terrified manner and plunged them between feather beds under the mistaken notion that "lightning never strikes feathers." They would remain thus half stifled and emerge weak and trembling only after the storm had passed. The children of the latter family upon reaching adult life pursued precisely the same methods in their families, and thus trained their children to be cowards instead of training them to be courageous. Shyness is one manifestation of Cautiousness. A sensitive, nervous system by its keenness of sensation causes one to be careful and watchful of dangers, and also promotes care for health through dread of suffering. Slyness is often caused by extreme Caution, and is cultivated in children by injudicious methods of discipline, by too many penalties, and by constant threatenings for all sorts of small offenses. Secretive children are also sly, but this is spontaneous and inherent, while many children are made sly by their parents' threats of penalties and constant fault-finding. The normal action of Cautiousness is manifested in the highest degree by persons possessed of good intellects and practical faculties. In the faces of such persons will be observed length, breadth, and height of the nose. In these cases Caution takes on its highest phase of action, and a common-sense view of affairs is exhibited, and reason, judgment, and prudence preside over all their mental processes. When Caution is indicated in an individual as a compensation for the lack of some other important faculty, decision and judgment will be less promptly manifested, hence all the acts will be slower and more uncertain, and as great a measure of success as in the former cases must not be expected. An excessive length of nose in relation to the other features denotes excessive Caution, and also shows it to be the compensation for the absence of some other faculty. By observing the relative proportions of the features this deficiency can be easily discovered. In some subjects it is caused by deficient Self-esteem. In these cases a short upper lip will disclose the reason. In other characters there may be deficient Conscientiousness. A narrow chin will reveal this want. If Reason is feeble the nose will not be broad and high, but may be high, thin, and narrow, especially at the "bridge." Absence of the practical faculties is often shown by a compensatory degree of Caution. Where a knowledge of human nature is deficient, Cautiousness is often present and protects the character from too great confidence in others; hence, suspicion is the result and thus acts the part of protector; or, if Friendship be lacking, reserve and guardedness in dealing with others will be displayed. In some instances, where the brain is very large and slow in its action (by reason of smallness of the thoracic system), the mental processes are correspondingly feeble and dull of apprehension. Here Caution comes in and assists the character by its prudential outlook, and thus averts and avoids dangers by that slowness of mind and body which is at the same time a failing and a compensation. Self-control and self-denial, restraint and. prudence are the results of a normal, balanced degree of Caution. Rashness, imprudence, and foolishness show the lack of this most useful trait. "Reader, attend! whether thy soul Know, prudent cautious self-control HOPE. Definition.Anticipation, expectation, joyousness, confidence, cheerfulness, buoyancy of spirits, belief in future success FIG. 64.-ELLEN TERRY. (ACTRESS.) Born in England, 1848. Conspicuous facial sign, Hope, shown by downward projection of the septum of the nose. The law of the curve and straight line governs this face. The dominant expression of this countenance is sharpness, keenness, penetration. The signs for Firmness, Conscientiousness, Love of Home, Patriotism, Economy, and Benevolence are exceedingly well defined. Love of Young and Amativeness are conspicuous. The nose exhibits the signs for Hope, Analysis, Ideality, Mental Imitation, and Human Nature highly developed. Constructiveness, Acquisitiveness, Veneration, and Self-will are marked. Observation, Form, Size, and Language are large, and altogether combine to produce a first-class artistic mind. The quality is exceedingly fine. and advantages, prospective good, inclination to believe and work on in spite of innumerable obstacles. An excess imparts enthusiasm and gives belief in impracticable plans and projects; inclines one to speculations, and "sees millions" in every inven tion and enterprise in which one becomes interested. A deficiency causes lack of success, hopelessness, melancholy, gloomy thoughts, and dejection, and is often accompanied with liver complaint, and tends to dementia, insanity, and suicide. Facial and Bodily Signs.-The most prom inent facial sign for Hope septum of the nose below is the downward projection of the the alæ, or wings of the nostrils. Brightness of the eyes; bright, clear-colored, and fresh complexion; full cheeks, plump body, springy step, vivacious and cheery manner are also indications of the presence of Hope and are caused by activity of the liver. Drooping of the corners of the mouth, dullness of the eyes, together with a thick skin and muddy complexion, point to enfeebled action of the liver and a consequent deficiency of Hope. Where the septum does not project below the alæ, or where it recedes above the sides of the nostrils, we have an unfailing indication of a week and torpid liver, together with a mind tinctured with hopelessness and despondency. The modifying effects of Mirthfulness and Approbativeness often assist this condition and partially neutralize its depressing influence. DESCRIPTION OF HOPE.-The methods formerly employed by sentimentalists in treating of the affections, emotions, and passions in a poetic, romantic, and metaphysical manner have led to most erroneous ideas in regard to the origin and physiological basis of mental powers. To those who have been accustomed to view the Το mind, with its numerous FIG. 65.-PAUL GUSTAVE DORÉ. (HISTORICAL Born in France, 1833. Principal facial sign, Hope, shown by downward projection of the septum of the nose. The law of the straight line and curve governs this countenance. The social faculties are well represented in this face. Alimentiveness, Hospitality, Friendship, Approbativeness, Love of Home, and Patriotism are all well defined. In the nose the signs for Hope, Analysis, Sublimity, Ideality, Mental Imitation, Human Nature, Constructiveness, Acquisitiveness, Veneration, Executiveness, and Self-will are highly developed; while Prescience, Credenciveness, Observation, Form, Size, Color, Calculation, Locality, Order, Intuition, Artistic Judgment, and Reason are exhibited in a talented degree. Doré was one of the most original, weird, awful, quaint, and prolific of artists. The hair, by its form and manner of growth, denotes artistic capacity. The quality is very fine. |