Some individuals exhibit the sympathetic phase of Benevolence by spontaneous and practical assistance. Others disclose their form of sympathy by listening to recitals of woe, and exhibit intense feelings of sorrow, and by weeping in concert with the suf fering assuage their grief by exhibiting more grief. Others display the generous aspect of Benevolence and instantly put the hand into the pocket and say to the bystander, as did the Quaker, "I am sorry five dollars, friend; how sorry art thou?" Yet this class of persons would never think of offering personal service, such as nursing the sick or assisting in any labor requiring personal effort. Others, again, evince their benevolent feeling by always stepping in to fill the want of laborers in times of sickness or great public disasters and calamities. Those with large rea soning powers, construct iveness and practical traits -like John Howard, Wilberforce, Peabody, and Godin-lay broad and wise plans for the amelioration of large numbers of suffer ing human beings. This is the philanthropic phase of Benevolence, and in its scope and intent is directly opposite to the act of the sympathetic women who are always at the back door to deal out cold victuals and old clothes to every comer, without regard to the worthiness of the applicant. The latter expresses Benevo lence without reason, while the former shows the very height of this noble and unselfish trait. Each form of sympathy is required for the world's necessities; hence, the one who feeds the wandering beggar and he who plans wisely for the uplifting of masses of the downtrodden and helpless expresses each in his own way the action of Benevolence. Wherever we find all forms of this trait lacking, there we shall find one whose physical, moral. or mental nature is sadly deficient. Certainly an impoverished condition lies at the root, for he is poor, indeed, who has nothing FIG. 26.-LADY ANGELA GEORGINA BURDETT- Born in England, 1814; noted philanthropist. Principal facial and bodily sign, Benevolence, shown by fullness, redness, and moisture of the lower lip; long, slim face and body. The law of the straight line and angle governs this countenance. This truly sympathetic face reveals a benevolent and noble character. The munificent charities of this generous woman in every part of the globe rank her with the world's greatest benefactors. The signs for Modesty, Love of Young, Love of Home, Patriotism, Conscientiousness, Veneration, Ideality, Cautiousness, Executiveness, and Reason are all well defined. The world is greatly indebted to this elevated, pure-minded, and generous lady. to give, and whose nature never prompts him to an act of kindness or a word of sympathy and encouragement. It is not essential that one should be constantly giving money or material to demonstrate the presence of Benevolence. This may be shown in a hundred ways, by kindness in speech, especially to the poor and unfortunate, to one's servants, and to the aged, as well as to children and animals. One of the most unselfish characters I have ever met seldom gave money or property, but was constantly assisting others to help themselves by procuring employment for them, by working in charitable societies, and by influencing others to deeds of charity and benevolence. Among the most generous men I have met was one who had a thorough dislike to visiting the sick, going so far as to refrain from caring personally for his family and friends in sickness, yet would give lavishly of his money and goods, and at the same time FIG. 27.-HENRY BERGH. (PHILANTHROPIST.) would avoid performing long, thin face and body. The law of the straight line Principal facial and bodily signs: full, red under-lip; any labor among those suffering from illness. This gentleman was lacking in Friendship, hence Nature compensated him with an increased capacity for generosity, freehandedness, and lavishness. and angle governs this organism. Henry Bergh was the founder and first president of the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. This sympathy was exercised in a most self-sacrificing manner for the protection of the most helpless class among us-our animal relatives. The long, slim face and body assures us that he has not expended his means and time in social convivial enjoyments, hence he has not packed upon his frame a large quantity of soft, fat tissue. This gentleman endeavored to humanize humanity by teaching them how to treat the beasts of the field according to their nature and deserts,-a truly religious mission. The sign for Benevolence in the lip is somewhat changed by age and the moustache, but the facial and bodily build tells us it is or was as described, viz., full, red, and moist. The signs for Conscientiousness, Firmness, Self-will, Self-esteem, Order, Acquisitiveness, Veneration, Executiveness, and Reason are large. Thus, it will be observed that the faculties in combination modify and color this trait. Benevolence and Reason in combination make the philanthropist, while Practicality added assists him in framing wise plans for the elevation of humanity; with Friendship large, he will be enabled to co-operate with others in schemes for the relief of the suffering. One who possesses the sympathetic phase of Benevolence, but small reasoning faculties, will work indiscriminately for all who seek sympathy and aid; with large Credenciveness, will be inclined to assist those who approach with a wonderful or romantic tale rather than those who have only a commonplace basis for their demands; with large Conscientiousness, will inquire into the motives of those seeking aid, and, with Practicality added, will like to give only to those who will make a right and worthy use of assistance rendered; with large Love of Young, will seek out and aid unfortunate children and injured or outcast animals. It is thus shown that this faculty must be read in conjunction with others found in combination in order to comprehend the direc tion which it will take in each individual case. After once mastering the basilar principles of physiognomy this can be readily done. Great care must be taken to distinguish the acts of pure Benevolence from those of Friendship, and a close analysis is here necessary to make this discrimination; for, although Friendship prompts to acts of kindness and gives and does for friends, yet Benevolence gives and does for those who are wholly unknown, as, for example, in sending means and relief to sufferers by fire and flood; in erecting comfortable homes for the poor, as George Peabody and Lady Burdett-Coutts Bartlett-Coutts have done, and in manifesting lively and practical sympathy for those distressed strangers which chance throws in the way of the benevolent. Benevolence is the most unselfish trait of the human character, and finds in the animal kingdom its best illustration in the horse, which works patiently and uncomplainingly his whole life long for friend or stranger and dies at last in harness, toiling for others who often cruelly hurt and misuse him,-an act which our legislators have justly made a criminal offense. The shape of the horse coincides exactly with the form of the most sympathetic persons, disclosing the long, thin face and well-nourished, large body, thus evidencing the superior action of the glandular system, which scientific physiognomy declares to be the base of supply of this noble faculty. The proof of this glandular origin may be verified by examination of the lower lip of noted misers and of those who are notoriously close-fisted and stingy. They will be found dry, pale, and often thin, and will exhibit one or more of these characteristics. A full, moist, red lower-lip is a sure indication of either sympathy, generosity, or benevolence of some sort. I think I may safely state this to be one of the infallible signs of character. I am often confronted with the question, "Are there not a great many exceptions to these signs,-exceptions which disprove their infallibility?" To this I answer that scientific physiognomy gives ample information in regard to the just interpretation of facial signs. There are many circumstances which modify and influence the meaning put forth by mere size of a facial sign. Color, for example, greatly modifies power. A very pale color of the skin, hair, and eyes would be proof positive of less vigor of all the signs of character than where a good red complexion and deepblue or brown color of eyes and hair were indicated, for color gives power; lack of color, feebleness. Then, too, as above stated, other faculties in combination modify and influence traits as explained previously. A good lesson in the difference existing between the facial expressions exhibited by Benevolence and Friendship may be had by contrasting the physiognomies of a number of well-known philanthropists and sympathetic persons with those more remarkable for their friendly and social qualities, for friendship and sociality are synonymous terms. Sociality is the food upon which friendship feeds, and this is hence a more selfish trait than Benevolence. It demands something in return for what it gives, viz., companionship, a tribute which Benevolence does not exact, and herein is the most striking proof of their dissimilar method of action. It is true, one may be both friendly and benevolent, and many combine a large degree of both traits. In this case we find a truly noble character in the direction of humane and sympathetic conduct. Yet a close analysis of these two traits points to diverse physiological origin and to a separate facial sign for each, and the signification of the position of each of these signs is as remarkable as it is beautiful. The sign for Benevolence is opposite the local sign for Love of the Opposite Sex and Love of Young, and, when we kiss, we kiss with Benevolence, Amativeness, and Love of Young combined; that is to say, these signs being localized in the lips, they meet and respond in the salute of Amativeness, or conjugal love, or of pure, disinterested Benevolence, or pure affection, and also in the paternal and maternal seal of love upon the rosy mouth of infancy and childhood. How wonderfully harmonious is this natural manifestation of the entire range of love and affection! No convention has founded the universal institution of kissing. A power greater than civilized conventions has made the meeting of the lips a spontaneous expression of maternal love, of sex love, and of the love of purest friendship; for here are the proofs of the facial locality of all of the various sorts of love comprised within the human character, and scientific physiognomy points to this natural, impulsive, and spontaneous act performed by the lips as corroborative evidence of the appropriate localizing of these several love-signs about the mouth. BIBATIVENESS. Definition.-Love of liquids; capacity for the assimilation of water, soups, gravies, sauces, lemonade, fruit-juices, etc.; natural adaptation to swimming, bathing, sailing, washing, and scrubbing. Mentally, it creates a taste for marine scenery, both natural and pictured; it imparts love of ease, and assists in building up the domestic and social traits. An excess causes obesity, softness of the tissues, indolence of both body and mind, and leads to perversion of the fluid system of the body, which causes dropsy and other disorders. Perverted, this function creates an overweening fondness for liquid stimulants, and ends in drunkenness and disorders of the FIG. 28.-ALEXANDRE DUMAS. (NOVELIST AND Born in France, 1803. Principal facial sign, Bibativeness, shown by fullness of the cheeks about one inch outward from the corners of the mouth, and by soft tissue all over the face and body. The law of the square, curve, and sphere governs this face and body. This gentleman was almost as celebrated for his eating and drinking qualities as for his writings, which were numerous. A great store of vitality enabled him to perform herculean mental labors. His square forehead shows that Order and Thoroughness were his strongest characteristics. The signs for Alimentiveness are most pronounced. Mental Imitation, Human Nature, Constructiveness, Ideality, Friendship, Benevolence, Approbativeness, Self-esteem, Self-will, Form, Size, Locality, Order, Language, and Memory of Events are among his strongest traits. kidney system and other organs. Excessive use of liquids produces "fat, sleek-headed men and such as sleep o' nights,"-useless members of society, such as loafers and criminals. A deficiency of the love of drinking is scarcely ever met with, for this function is primitive, and the use of liquid solvents, in Nature, precedes the formation of even the dry land. Man lives in and upon liquids during his prenatal life and almost entirely upon them for one year after birth; hence, the desire for liquids is normal, and nearly all persons demand and use the amount of water or liquid food which their organism requires. If the avoidance of water and liquids is carried to an abnormal extent, very great dryness of the tissues will result, and the physical functions, as well as social qualities soon become impoverished. Facial and Bodily Signs.-Fullness of the cheeks about one inch outward from the corners of the mouth is the primitive and most pronounced facial sign for Bibativeness. Other signs are: general fullness and softness of all the tissues of the body, with a good degree of soft fat, causing dimples in the hands, cheeks, back, and other parts of the body, as seen in fat infants. The hands |