fibroid systems. The increased activity of the muscles necessitates increase in the size of the skeleton or osseous system; also, in the power of the nerves and size of the brain; hence, of mental activity and higher intelligence; for, the anatomy of the higher animals (dogs and apes, for example) shows that the power of speech is denied them solely on the ground that they have not that development of the larynx, tongue, and lips essential to the quality of speech, which is found among the lowest human races, even, and the latter do not possess that perfection of the muscular system which gives the power for perfected speech, such as is found in European races, for example. Speech is thus shown to be a physiological gift, as Mr. Haeckel observes-not a "divine" one; that is to say, not in the sense in which that word is commonly used. I believe every created thing to be divine, and emanating from the Creator, whether it be an oyster or an ape; and the reason why neither of them speak is not from a lack of divinity, but because of the absence of a suitable physiological development, each step of which is just as divine, one as another; the first step in evolution illustrating the power of the Creator as much as the last one. All are divine, infallible, and unerring. SUMMARY OF THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE VISCERAL ORGANS AND FACIAL FEATURES. The beginnings of all life, vegetable and animal, are similar in their operation and in progressive development. Up to a certain stage nutriment for the purposes of growth is of a fluid nature, but after animal life has manifested itself as such, then more solid foods enter into the composition of bodies, even in the lowest forms of animal life; as in the polyp, slight particles of solid nutriment are sought from the passing waters. Cell-life is characteristic of the earliest formations of vegetable growth, as well as of the first stages of animal life. Man at the commencement is simply a minute speck of protoplasmic substance without form, and is then entirely in a chemical condition, formless, shapeless, of a semi-fluid nature without organs or any appearance of them; yet all the potencies of life, of talent, and of genius are comprised within this minute, homogeneous speck. If undisturbed this germ is acted upon by the resistless force of evolutionary law, and thenceforth develops until birth. The embryo remains till that time in a chemical condition mainly; its blood is uncolored, its mental faculties not yet awakened, only a few of its physical functions in action. The cerebrum, the liver, the heart, together with certain subordinate organs, among which are the supra-rena! capsules, performing nearly all the labor of the organism. The heart is not yet divided, nor working through its proper channels, for respiration not having commenced the evolution of man is not complete; the spleen, the stomach, the true kidneys, the bladder, and the ureters have not been called into action. Up to this point the organs of man have passed through all the changes which are characteristic of vegetable and animal organisms as they have evolved successively in the innumerable tribes of vegetable, worm, fish, reptile, bird, and beast. The order observed in the development of the foetus in utero as a whole and of its organs separately, as observed by countless skillful anatomists, is precisely the order which follows the evolutionary development of the organs separately in all the lower forms of life, from the cell-life of the plant to the animal life of the perfected human being as he appears at birth. The human animal goes through all the changes, in the nine months of his foetal life, which the lower animals pass through in their evolution from the simplest form of life as a speck of jelly-like substance (simpler even than the cells of vegetable organisms); yet more-every organ of the human body, every feature of his face, and every limb follows precisely the same method and order of unfoldment which is observed in the upward progress and evolution of the successive lower animal organisms, commencing with the lowest forms, such as the ascidian and amphioxus; thence, coming along up the scale of advancing functions and faculties until the perfected human being is reached. If we follow the course of animal development we observe that physical functions and mental faculties appear simultaneously, and that every function sustains and is accompanied by a mental power of a kind suited to its degree of development and to the necessities of the animal in which any marked advance appears. One of the most noticeable advances of function with faculty is observed in amphibia, particularly in the metamorphoses which take place in the development of the tadpole. Within a short period, in this creature, life may be observed; the evolution of the lungs and heart. The lungs are evolved from external gills or branchiæ, and the heart develops from a two-chambered organ, consisting of one auricle and one ventricle, to a three-chambered organ. While these changes and modifications are taking place other functions come into existence. The fore legs are first evolved, later the hind legs are developed, and at last the tail disappears, and the result is the transformation of a tadpole into a perfect frog. Along with the appearance of these prehensile and locomotory members the mental powers requisite for the searching and seizing of prey came into existence; thus illustrating the co-creation of mental faculty with physical function as low down in the scale of creation as the tadpole. The heart of the human embryo undergoes precisely the same modifications as the heart of this reptile. The human embryo exhibits at an early stage of its existence a heart consisting of a single chamber which develops into two chambers; later a third compartment makes its appearance, but it is not until birth and air is inhaled that the fourth division of the heart takes place. Until this time the heart of the human embryo remains imperfectly developed as to its fourth compartment; that is to say, in the condition in which the tadpole is found when it emerges from its fish-life and becomes a dweller upon land as well as an inhabitant of the water. The human embryo before its birth dwells in a fluid or watery home; not until its birth is it capable of a life upon land. The parallel at this stage of evolution between the reptile and the human embryo is most striking. All the facilities for tracing the evolution of organs, organisms, features, and faculties are in existence and within reach of most persons in civilized life. The evolution of the human family from the lowest species of the race, from the wretched, undeveloped Australian or Hottentot to the most perfected Caucasian, can be also observed and studied and the science of evolution justified and proven. The evolution of the visceral organs, which I claim are related to the mental faculties and exhibited by the facial features, have been studied by the most skillful and eminent anatomists and scientists, and to their researches am I indebted for the proofs and verifications of most of the positions I take upon the subject of human physiognomy. Most emphatically does the evolution of man prove by its orderly progress the order which I have observed in the arrangement of the signs in the face of the visceral organs and their accompanying mental signs. A most striking and convincing circumstance in regard to the arrangement of these signs is that I had discovered and located them years before I knew anything about evolution as a systematized science. These two sciences thus confirm and corroborate each other; evolution bringing an overwhelming mass of evidence, commencing with the most minute beginnings of animal life and forms, while scientific physiognomy furnishes the crowning proofs in the human face, the most perfected portion of the most perfect of the animal series, man. I once read a thrilling description of the construction of the Mont Cenis tunnel through the Alps, and was greatly interested in the part which described the supreme moment, when the approach was made from opposite sides of the mountain with the view of ascertaining if the calculations of the engineer-in-chief were correct, and if the perforations from either side would meet at a common centre. I imagined the breathless suspense, the intensity of the pent-up emotions with which the engineer-in-chief listened, straining every fibre of the auditory nerve to catch the faintest click of the hammer as it approached the desired spot, and when the accuracy of his mathematics was proven beyond any shadow of doubt by the light of the lanterns streaming through a faint chink in the rock, I can enter fully into the thoughts and feelings of this man at this moment; for, I believe I must have gone through a similar experience when Haeckel's "Evolution of Man ” first met my gaze, and I attempted to read it. Directly I did so, I saw the proof of my long years of research verified from a source the most eminent, and my agitation was such that I was unable to calmly read the work for several days. The reason why I have given such extensive quotations from Haeckel is, that it affords most decided corroboration of my methods of relating faculty to function, and of my system generally, and because I did not wish the reader to accept the unsupported assertions of one so unknown to the scientific world as myself. I should like here to give a detailed account of the methods pursued by Nature and described by scientists in the evolution of the human face, but, as the study of evolution is not contemplated in this work, I shall be obliged to content myself with referring my readers to the "Evolution of Man," by Ernst Haeckel. The proofs of physiognomy are more plentiful, pronounced, decided, and clear than those pertaining to any other science. The vain and foolish self-love or viciousness of the many may impede the spread of this knowledge, but the truth will eventually triumph, and the application of this knowledge will become the most potent factor in the scientific breeding of the race. Natural selection, which is always a very slow method of evolution or progress, will be superseded by scientific selection, and thus the advance of humanity to greater heights of strength, purity, and nobility will be more rapid and satisfactory than the present instinctive method,-a method which does not call into activity the highest powers of the mind, but the very lowest, the instinctive; or, as is often the case, mercenary motives control reproduction. In the endeavor to reproduce finer types of animals man makes use of his reason, observation, judgment, and positive experience of the traits, forms, colors, and powers which he seeks to perpetuate in the animal,-a knowledge confirmed by experience and experiment. He understands that certain developments of bone, muscle, form, size, color, and quality in the horse, for example, indicate certain tendencies, and he has learned how to combine these in the parents in order to produce certain desired effects in the offspring. Is human offspring less worthy our highest consideration? It is true, that self-love and malice do not control the dawn of life in the reproduction of animal types, and herein lies our power for systematic reproduction. pro Lavater declared "that the opposition of the vicious to physiognomy proceeds from a secret belief in its power." We must be prepared for this opposition, and also for that which ceeds from the more universal form of human weakness,-self-love. To be honest with ourselves is often a heroic act. We must cultivate in our children a love for absolute truth. The study of the natural sciences will do this and reward them not only with truth, but will unfold more wonderful, fascinating, and attractive fields of knowledge than all the fairy stories and works of fiction that were ever written. TABULATED SUMMARY OF THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE ORGANS. Systematic Survey, According to Age of the Human Organ Systems- |