Sensualists' necks partake somewhat of the muscular and the vegetative; they are relatively short, somewhat wrinkled, and red.

The Neck of Self-esteem.-Self-esteem is shown more by the manner of carrying the head than by the shape of the neck; when this trait is large the head is carried in an erect and lofty manner, firm, rather long than short, and on a line with the backbone.

OF FRANCE.)

Born 1715. A handsome and talented woman, and favorite of King Louis XV. This lady was skilled in statecraft, and exerted a controlling influence over the king until her death. The head is slightly turned aside, thus showing the affable approbation of the woman of the world and of society. The Marchioness was noted for her tact, graceful manners, and astuteness. It is said by historians that she took a leading part in bringing about the war of 1756.

If it be excessive the head will incline slightly backward, exhibiting a pompous, egotistic attitude; a glance at these ceremonious turvy-drops" will show that the facial sign for Self-esteem (length of the upper lip) is very marked.

66

The Attentive Neck.-The power for close and prolonged observation is one attribute of a very good intellect, and is the

characteristic of all really intelligent persons. Indeed, so highly is this trait ranked by the greatest minds, that Lord Bacon has remarked of this faculty, that "genius is only protracted patience," and Lord Chesterfield observes: "The power of applying the attention steadily and undissipatedly to a single subject is the sure mark of a superior genius."

The physiognomical language of attention is shown by a forward and slightly sidewise direction of the neck and head. The portraits of Watt the inventor exhibit this position; also the

FIG. 323.-THE ATTENTIVE NECK. (JAMES WATT, INVENTOR AND AUTHOR.)

Born in England, 1769. The long-continued thought and close observation which the subject of this sketch practiced have left their impress upon every feature and line of the face. The head, bent forward in the pursuit of knowledge, is quite different in its aspect from that of the miser, Elwes, in pursuit of gold. James Watt was one of the world's benefactors, for his discoveries have enriched posterity by labor-saving principles. He will live in the memory of man as long as great and useful minds are appreciated.

portraits of Captain Cook, Sir Joseph Banks, Dr. Jenner, and Thomas Alva Edison. Dr. Cross has made most just observation of this peculiarity, for of it he remarks thus:

As the neck is the stalk upon which the senses are held up to take their survey of the necessaries and comforts of life, so the posture or attitude of the neck must mark the earnestness of the character in the pursuit after these necessaries and comforts. The earnestness of the animal is indicated by the direction of the neck; the more the neck is bent forward, the more are the senses bent upon these objects.*

The heads of careless, thoughtless persons never present this

forward inclination.

The Sagacious Neck.-The most sagacious men and animals. exhibit muscular necks of large size, but so short as to make the head appear connected with the shoulders.

The elephant is a good illustration among animals of this peculiarity and its associated sagacity.

The Timid Neck.-Those animals which exhibit long and thin necks are characterized by extreme timidity and sensitiveness, as witness the deer tribes, the greyhound, and the giraffe.

FIG. 324.-THE SAGACIOUS NECK. (NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, EMPEROR
OF FRANCE.)

Born in Ajaccio, Corsica, 1769. Bonaparte was an able military commander and
rose to the highest positions from the humblest ranks. This subject is one of the
most fascinating characters in history. His life has been written by many authors,
and, however they differ on minor points, all award him the palm for sagacity,
breadth, and astuteness of intellect. The nearness of the vital organs-the heart and
lungs-to the broad and high head gave a great quantity of well-oxygenated blood
to that organ, and caused him to be both prompt and profound in his mental opera-
tions. He possessed what I term a "chess head; that is, a brain suited to making
grand combinations with ease. The physiognomical as well as physiological signifi-
cation of the form of his neck, and the manner in which it is set upon his shoulders,
are quite apparent to the physiognomist, for they disclose enormous Will and Amative-
ness, as well as Sagacity. The moral sense of Napoleon was sadly deficient. Of him
Emerson wrote: "He is a boundless liar; he has not the merit of common truth
and honesty." His treatment of women, particularly of Madame de Staël, can only
be explained on the ground of jealousy of her superior mental endowment. With
all his ability, he did not know how to attach this great woman to him and use her
talents for the nation's good and glory. Napoleon's vigorous intellect was inherited
from his mother, who possessed uncommon strength of character.

The long and thin neck in the human being denotes timidity, and if the inherited quality be of a high grade extreme sensitiveness will be exhibited as well. This type is apt to be a prey to consumption or dyspepsia; the giraffe is often afflicted with dyspepsia even in a state of nature.

The Graceful Neck.-The graceful neck is not to be confounded with the long and thin neck. The graceful neck must,

indeed, be rather long, yet one element of its gracefulness is found in its correct proportion; it must harmonize with the shoulders and bust as well as with the head. This neck is a mark of an affable disposition. The portraits of the Princess of Wales, Ex-Empress Eugènie, Mrs. Langtry, Lady Blessington, the Duchess of Leinster, Pauline Bonaparte, the Empress Josephine, and Mary Anderson

FIG. 325.-THE GRACEFUL NECK. (JOSEPHINE, EX-EMPRESS OF FRANCE.)

Born at the Island of Martinique, 1763. Wife of the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. This subject was one of the most beautiful women who ever graced a throne. She was noted for her graceful manners, her affable and ingenuous disposition, and her generosity. She was one of the best sovereigns of France, and retained until her death the high esteem and respect of all who knew her.

exhibit graceful, white, and rounded necks. The graceful neck may be long or short, but it must be proportioned to the shoulders and body which it connects; it must be molded in a circular form, of a clear white or clear olive or black color, smooth and polished in texture, and intelligent and graceful in motion. These necks are not rare, but the present fashions give little opportunity for their dis

play-which is to be regretted, as practical observation of the most beautiful parts of the human frame tends to create a high ideal of beauty; for this reason natural beauties should be constantly before our eyes. The customary freedom in dress, as practiced by the Greeks, gave to them a universal conception of the beauty of the human form, and this cultivated taste evolved those immortal

FIG. 326.-THE NECK OF COQUETRY.

(MARGUERITE, COUNTESS OF BLESSINGTON; AUTHOR AND SOCIETY LEADER.)

Born in Ireland, 1789. The lively face which accompanies this sketch is that of one of the most charming of society women. Her talents, beauty, and agreeable manners and conversation drew to her residence, Gere Home, London, the most eminent men and women of her day. She was witty and droll in conversation, to which she added an arch and agreeable coquetry, which well became her style. The carriage of the head and position of the neck are rich in physiognomic meaning.

masterpieces of the ancient Greek sculptors which are found in the galleries of Europe, and which are the models of artists and the admiration of the ages.

The Language of Coquetry.-The coquette reveals her disposition by tossing and nodding the head sidewise and forward while in conversation with the opposite sex, and by holding her head sidewise while in conversation.