SPECIAL ANALYSES

Table 0-4. SELECTED CRIME REDUCTION DATA (dollars in thousands)

235

1971

Not available.

case series.

Excludes transfers.

Represents a new workload reporting system which reflects individual complaints in a specific

Excludes pending cases of fugitives.

SPECIAL ANALYSIS M

FEDERAL PROGRAMS FOR THE REDUCTION OF CRIME

The Federal crime reduction program is designed to reverse the trend of rising crime in our Nation, and to limit the great losses in both economic and human resources associated with the trend. Recognizing that State and local governments have the broadest responsibilities for controlling crime, the Federal Government will provide increased technical and financial assistance to State and local law enforcement. Federal law enforcement will be improved and intensified in certain areas of high national priority such as attacking the problem of organized crime, and controlling large scale trafficking in narcotics and dangerous drugs. The Federal crime reduction program is a comprehensive effort to: (1) determine the nature and extent of the crime problem and the causes of criminal behavior; (2) prevent crime through programs directed at acute national problems such as juvenile delinquency, alcoholism, narcotic addiction, and drug abuse; (3) increase the deterrent to criminal action by improving the effectiveness of police and investigators at all levels of government; (4) develop a system of corrections, both in institutions and in the community, that can truly rehabilitate men; and (5) assure that the criminal law is responsive to the needs of society, and is administered with fairness and efficiency.

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

There were numerous accomplishments during the past year, including a variety of legislative enactments which will permit more effective crime reduction activities. Among the most significant accomplishments were:

• Enactment of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 which will increase in a variety of ways the ability of the Government to investigate and prosecute members of organized crime. The act will permit broader Federal investigations of large-scale illegal gambling activities and thereby reduce gambling profits available to organized crime for investment in other enterprises. Also, title XI of the act will permit greater control to be exercised over the illegal distribution and use of explosive materials. • Establishment by the Attorney General in June 1970 of a National Council on Organized Crime to coordinate Federal organized crime enforcement. The Council has set a goal of breaking up organized crime within 6 years. In 1970, FBI investigations alone led to the conviction of 461 organized crime and gambling figures, and the Justice Department has supervised the prosecution and conviction of 33 top echelon organized crime leaders. • Enactment of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. This major reform of our narcotics and dangerous drug laws will enhance our enforcement ability, and provide for expanded prevention and rehabilitation programs. Earlier in the year, the President announced greatly expanded

198

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1972

Federal programs for drug education and training. In addition, Federal enforcement of drug laws has been intensified during the year. The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs_and the Bureau of Customs are now engaged in cooperative efforts which are destroying major criminal systems for illegally importing and distributing narcotics and drugs. Also, during the year, the United States has devoted particular attention to seeking and obtaining improved international cooperation in controlling the illegal traffic in narcotics and drugs.

Progress in carrying out the President's directive of last year to initiate reforms in our correctional systems. Several Federal agencies now have programs underway to provide special institutions and treatment for juvenile offenders, addicts, and mentally disturbed and violent offenders. Comprehensive community correctional centers are now being planned or constructed in a number of urban areas. The recent enactment of the Omnibus Crime Control Act of 1970 authorizes a new program in the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration for improving correctional programs and facilities. This authority will permit great improvements in probation and parole services throughout the country.

• A landmark statement by the Chief Justice of the United States concerning problems of the Federal courts. The Chief Justice suggested the trial of criminal cases within 60 days after indictment, and called for consideration of a variety of reforms to increase the efficiency of the courts. The Congress authorized 61 additional district court judgeships during the year, enacted an increase to provide court executives for each of the 11 Federal circuit courts, and amended the Criminal Justice Act to assure improved defense services for poor persons.

Table M-1. FEDERAL OUTLAYS FOR THE REDUCTION OF CRIME BY AGENCY (in thousands of dollars)

1

1 Does not include Department of Defense or nondomestic outlays for crime reduction.

2 Outlays estimated by the Office of Management and Budget.

• The completion of a major study by the National Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws which recommends comprehensive revisions in the structure and substance of Federal criminal law. These recommendations will now be studied by the executive departments and other interested organizations and will provide a focus for future discussions and action to reform criminal law. • Progress in the effort to reduce crime in the District of Columbia. The number of police on the streets of the District has been increased, a greater number of narcotic addicts are being treated and thereby taken off the streets, reforms have been realized in the court system with the enactment of the District of Columbia Court Reform and Criminal Procedure Act of 1970, and improvements are being made in the correctional system. This combination of programs has slowed the increasing rate of crime in the District, and demonstrated that a concerted systemwide effort to reduce crime in a large city can work.

1972 BUDGET HIGHLIGHTS

Federal outlays for programs to reduce crime will total $1,900 million in 1972. This compares with $1,444 million in 1971 and is 122% more than was spent for these programs in 1970. It is estimated that expenditures of all governinents-State, local, and Federal-for crime reduction programs will be almost $11.5 billion in 1972. Of the $1,900 million of Federal expenditures in 1972, $804 million or 42% of the total will be directed to assisting State and local governments. This compares with 38% of Federal expenditures devoted to such purposes in 1971, and 21% in 1970. Assistance to State and local governments for all aspects of law enforcement will be increased by 45%

in 1972.

The Departments of Justice and Treasury have the largest crime reduction programs with expenditures in 1972 of $1,259 million and $176 million, respectively. In 1971 and 1972 these Departments are emphasizing programs for the control of (1) the narcotics and drug traffic, (2) organized crime, and (3) terrorist activities, bombings and illegal use of explosives. Other agencies with rapidly expanding crime reduction programs are the Department of Labor (manpower development programs for offenders), and the Department of Transportation. (protection of air commerce and control of aircraft hijacking).

CRIME REDUCTION PROGRAM BY ACTIVITIES

The budget outlays reported by this special analysis cover all domestic Federal programs directly related to or closely associated with crime reduction, except outlays associated with programs of the the Defense Department. The analysis includes certain programs of

1 Defense Department outlays for crime reduction are not included in the tables and totals used in this analysis. However, a summary of Defense Department outlays for law enforcement are estimated as follows (in millions of dollars):

200

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1972

the judiciary even though the basic function of the judiciary is to assure the administration of justice rather than to reduce crime. It excludes general social programs (even though such programs may indirectly reduce crime) unless they are clearly within the context of crime reduction or prevention (e.g., vocational training of prisoners; treatment of juvenile delinquents). Also, the analysis does not include background investigations for employment, administrative inspections, guarding functions not requiring police powers, or investigatiors primarily of a regulatory nature which may in rare cases result in the application of criminal sanctions. Where activities involve both civil and criminal proceedings (e.g., operation of courts) an allocation of outlays to the criminal function has been estimated by the Office of Management and Budget.

Table M-2. FEDERAL OUTLAYS FOR THE REDUCTION OF CRIME BY MAJOR PROGRAM AND SELECTED ACTIVITY (in thousands of dollars)