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history records in minutes over the FBI's National Crime Information Center communications network. In addition to personal identification information, the file shows arrest charges, the disposition of each case, sentencing details, and custody and supervision status. The purpose of the new system is to coordinate efficiently the exchange of criminal history information between computerized State information systems and Federal agencies.

An interdepartmental council was named to plan the coordination of all Federal juvenile delinquency programs. Established under amendments to the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act of 1968, the council is composed of representatives of Federal agencies with responsibilities for administering juvenile delinquency programs.

• The Omnibus Crime Control Act of 1970 strengthens State and local correctional programs by requiring that a fixed portion of grants made by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration be used for improvements in correctional activities. The act provides for a variety of improvements in Federal law enforcement, including reorganization of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, increased protection for the President and members of Congress, and creation of a Wiretap Commission.

The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Stand-
ards and Goals was formed to carry out a complete study of the
Nation's criminal justice system. The Commission will establish
national goals, performance standards, and priorities to help all
criminal justice planners in the nation. The study is expected
to take 1 year.

Table 0-1. FEDERAL OUTLAYS FOR THE REDUCTION OF CRIME
BY AGENCY (in thousands of dollars)

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THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1973

1973 BUDGET HIGHLIGHTS

The 1973 budget provides for outlays of $2,321 million related to reduction of crime, an increase of $347 million over comparable expenditures in 1972 and $968 million more than 1971 outlays. It is estimated that expenditures for crime reduction programs at all levels of government-Federal, State, and local-will exceed $17 billion in 1973. Of the $2,321 million of Federal outlays in 1973, $923 million or 40% of the total will directly support State and local crime reduction activities. In 1972, 36% of Federal expenditures assisted State and local governments in this area; in 1971, 31% were devoted to this purpose. In dollar terms, the increase in 1973 is $218 million more than Federal outlays directed to State and local law enforcement in 1972.

Application of resources to the reduction of the illicit drug traffic, a major contributor to crime in America, will be expanded throughout the full range of Federal programs. The Departments of Justice and Treasury will give special emphasis to combatting the manufacture, distribution and smuggling of illicit narcotics and dangerous drugs. A total of $273 million will be spent on all Federal narcotics enforcement programs in 1973. In addition, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Veterans Administration and Office of Economic Opportunity will conduct significantly expanded drug treatment and rehabilitation programs. Outlays for this purpose will be approximately $162 million in 1973. Another aspect of the Federal Government's fight against drug abuse involves suppression of the cultivation, refinement, and distribution of illicit narcotics abroad. Outlays of $36 million in 1973, compared to $12 million in 1972, will support international drug control.

CRIME REDUction PrograM BY ACTIVITIES

The budget outlays reported by this special analysis cover all domestic Federal programs directly related to or closely associated with crime reduction, except outlays associated with military programs of the Defense Department. The analysis also includes estimated costs of the criminal adjudication function of the judiciary. It excludes general social programs, even though such programs may indirectly reduce crime, unless they are clearly within the context of crime reduction or prevention, e.g., vocational training of prisoners, treatment of juvenile delinquents. Also, the analysis does not include background investigations for employment, administrative inspections, or investigations primarily of a regulatory nature which may in rare cases result in the application of criminal sanctions. Where activities involve both civil and criminal proceedings, e.g., operation of courts, an allocation of outlays to the criminal function has been estimated.

Crime research and statistics.-Crime research and statistics encompass Federal activities designed to produce data and information concerning crime, criminals, and the criminal justice system. Also included are programs to develop improved methods and techniques for operation of the criminal justice system.

• Over $70 million of Federal funds will be expended for crime research and statistics in 1973, as compared with $46 million in 1971 and $31 million in 1972. Total outlays in 1973 consist of $25 million for statistical activities and $45 million for research.

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Table 0-2. FEDERAL OUTLAYS FOR THE REDUCTION OF CRIME BY MAJOR PROGRAM AND SELECTED ACTIVITY 1 (in thousands of dollars)

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228

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19'73

• The National Bureau of Standards within the Department of Commerce, in cooperation with the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice within LEAA, will continue development of law enforcement equipment standards in order to advise police departments on criteria for purchasing equipment. The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs is continuing research to identify new esoteric material appearing in illicit traffic, facilitate identification of the source of legitimate drugs diverted into illegal markets, perfect equipment for remote detection of illicit drug manufacturing, and develop new analytical methods for the analysis of abusable substances.

• The Federal Aviation Administration is continuing research and development projects to perfect automated techniques for detection of weapons and explosives aboard aircraft and identification of potential hijackers.

The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration will begin publication of estimates of the incidence and socioeconomic cost of crime as determined by the National Crime Panel. Efforts will also be directed to developing comprehensive data centers on criminal justice statistics in the States.

Reform of criminal laws.-Criminal law reform includes Government efforts to improve the effectiveness of the Nation's laws. • Total outlays for reform of criminal laws will be $2.3 million in 1973. Over $1.9 million of this amount will support projects to reform State and local laws.

• The Department of Justice is evaluating the recommendations of the National Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws and will submit legislation to provide both substantive and procedural reforms in 1973.

• There will be established during 1973 a Commission on the Review of the National Policy Toward Gambling, pursuant to the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970. The purpose of the Commission is to study Federal, State, and local policy and practices with respect to gambling activities and to recommend codification, revision, or repeal of existing statutes pertaining to gambling. Twenty-four States and three island possessions have now adopted the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substance Act. Efforts will continue within the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs to foster enactment by as many States as possible.

• The Department of Justice has drafted a Model State Explosives Act which has been submitted to the Council of State Governments for approval. The proposal is designed to reflect the regulatory pattern created by the recently enacted Federal explosives law.

Prevention of crime.-Crime prevention includes Government efforts to limit or render less probable the commission of criminal acts by means other than direct enforcement or general correctional activities. Included are public education, alcoholic and drug addict rehabilitation, treatment of juvenile delinquents, and projects to improve policecommunity relations.

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• Outlays of $312 million will be devoted to crime prevention programs in 1973. This expenditure represents an increase of $58 million over 1972 and 550% over the outlay level in 1969. • The Office of Education in the Department of HEW is strengthening its program to improve the education of delinquent children in institutions with the objective of returning these children to their communities with a better attitude toward themselves, their parents, school, and work.

• The Veterans Administration will open up to 12 additional drug dependence units and 15 additional alcoholism treatment units. The goal is to offer treatment and rehabilitation services to an estimated 20,000 addicts in the 44 special treatment units to be operated in 1973. A total of 7,500 veterans will be treated for alcoholism.

• The Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention will develop a national strategy for the reduction of drug addiction and drug abuse by developing drug abuse programs, setting program goals and objectives, formulating policies and standards for operating agencies, and evaluating the performance of all drug abuse

programs.

• The Bureau of Prisons will operate the former Public Health hospital at Fort Worth as the sixth Federal institution offering drug treatment in addition to other rehabilitation programs. Early indicators of progress with specialized treatment efforts point to substantial success in deterring a return to criminal activity by inmates designated as high-risk offenders.

Federal criminal law enforcement and Federal police.-Law enforcement involves direct Federal Government efforts to detect, identify, and apprehend violators of criminal laws. Representative programs include criminal investigations, policing of certain Federal areas, and Special concerted programs against organized crime, and illicit narcotics trafficking.

• Expenditures of $933 million will support Federal investigative and police activities in 1973. This compares with total outlays of $913 million in 1972 and $676 million in 1971 for this purpose. The Criminal Division of the Department of Justice returned indictments against 2,122 defendants in organized crime cases in 1971, mainly through use of organized crime strike forces operating in 17 cities. Expanded resources applied to this program in 1973 are expected to produce increased indictments.

• Resources of Federal and local governments will be combined to mount an intensive effort in 24 major cities against the street and mid-level traffic in illegal drugs and narcotics.

• The Internal Revenue Service will conduct over 7,000 tax fraud investigations in 1973 and will continue to enforce the revenue laws related to alcohol, tobacco, and firearms. Special emphasis will be given to suppression of illicit drugs through investigations of drug traffickers.

The U.S. Marshals Service will improve its ability to conduct operations through installation of a modern communications network connecting deputy marshals with central offices and linking the 93 Marshals with the Department of Justice.

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