152 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1976 The Federal Judiciary proposes to spend $341 million in 1976 for the Supreme Court, the appellate and district courts, and the other activities of the Judicial branch in this subfunction. Federal correctional and rehabilitative activities.-Community and institutional treatment programs will continue to expand. Seven additional community treatment centers and two new correctional institutions will be opened in 1976. Programs to divert accused defendants from prosecution to community programs supervised by the probation offices of the U.S. courts will be initiated in selected districts in cooperation with the U.S. Attorneys. Outlays for correctional and rehabilitative activities will total $258 million. Law enforcement assistance.-The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) is the principal Federal agency for providing law enforcement assistance to State and local governments. Total LEAA outlays for 1976 are estimated at $887 million. In 1976, $485 million will be distributed as bloc grants in support of State and local law enforcement activities. Other Federal agencies, such as the FBI, ATF, and Bureau of Prisons, will continue to provide technical assistance to State and local governments upon request. The new Legal Services Corporation will provide funds for assistance for indigent defendants who are unable to pay for the cost of legal services. Its outlays are estimated to be $72 million in 1976. SPECIAL ANALYSIS M FEDERAL PROGRAMS FOR THE REDUCTION OF CRIME Reduction of crime is a high priority within the Federal Government. Nineteen Federal agencies and commissions participate in providing an effective national response to the crime problem. Federal programs are not only concerned with enforcing statutes and administering criminal justice but are also designed to increase understanding of the causes of criminal behavior, prevent the commission of criminal acts, rehabilitate offenders, and reform Federal criminal law. The goal is to reduce the rate of criminal violations, thereby niting the substantial economic and social costs of crime. The Federal crime reduction program complements activities of State and local governments, which bear the heaviest burdens and widest responsibilities for law enforcement and administration of Justice. Federal assistance in the form of grants-in-aid, training, and technical assistance contributes to the effectiveness of State and local crime reduction programs. ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE PAST YEAR There were numerous accomplishments in the area of crime reduction during the past year. Among the most significant developments were: • Reduction of 2% in the Nation's crime during calendar year 1972, the first actual reduction in the volume of crime since 1955. • Creation of a consolidated Drug Enforcement Administration within the Department of Justice to permit more effective enforcement of Federal narcotic laws and better coordination with State and foreign governments in the overall effort to stem the flow of illicit drugs. Increase in worldwide seizures of opiates (in heroin equivalent pounds) from 5,500 in 1972 to 9,800 in 1973, and an increase in drug arrests from 15,500 to 24,900. • Enactment of the Crime Control Act of 1973, extending the Law Enforcement Assistance grant program through 1976 and streamlining its administration to ensure a smoother flow of grants to State and local governments. Convocation of the National Conference on Criminal Justice to review the standards and goals formulated by the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice and to develop a commitment and strategy for implementing standards and goals in each State. 1975 BUDGET HIGHLIGHTS Federal outlays for the reduction of crime will total $3.0 billion in 1975, as compared with $2.8 billion in 1974 and $2.3 billion in 1973. 189 190 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1975 It is estimated that expenditures for this purpose by all levels of government-Federal, State, and local-will exceed $19 billion in 1975. Of the $3.0 billion in Federal expenditures alone, $1.2 billion or 41% will be used to assist State and local governments to improve their criminal justice systems. Outlays directed to other levels of government in 1975 are 25% greater than the comparable figure in 1973. Once again in 1975, the Department of Justice will conduct the most extensive Federal crime reduction program with expenditure of $1.9 billion. The Department of the Treasury has the second largest Federal program which is budgeted for $326 million in 1975. Table M-1. FEDERAL OUTLAYS FOR THE REDUCTION OF CRIME BY AGENCY1 (in thousands of dollars) 1 Does not include Department of Defense-Military and $38 2 million of outlay for the U.S. Postal Service which are included in the Annexed Budget for 1975. Application of resources to the reduction of illicit drug traffic, a major contributor to crime in America, will be expanded throughout the full range of Federal criminal justice activities. The new Drug Enforcement Administration consolidates Federal drug enforcement activities previously scattered in five separate agencies. The Drug Enforcement Administration has responsibility for planning a comprehensive Federal enforcement strategy and developing a coordinated program consistent with that strategy. Outlays and narrative descriptions concerning the Federal drug enforcement program are found throughout this special analysis, while a summary of expenditures related to enforcing drug laws is contained in table M-2. SPECIAL ANALYSES Table M-2. FEDERAL OUTLAYS FOR DRUG ENFORCEMENT ! 191 Does not include Department of Defense-Military and U.S. Postal Service. CRIME REDUCTION PROGRAMS BY ACTIVITIES Budget outlays included in this special analysis represent all Federal programs related to crime reduction except expenditures of the Department of Defense. The analysis covers estimated costs of the judiciary related to criminal adjudication. Even though such programs may indirectly reduce crime, the analysis excludes general social programs, unless they are clearly within the context of crime reduction or prevention, such as vocational training of prisoners or treatment and rehabilitation of narcotic addicts. This analysis does not include background investigations for employment, administrative inspections, or investigations of a regulatory nature which might in rare cases result in the application of criminal sanctions. Where activities involve both criminal and civil proceedings, such as operation of Federal courts, an allocation of outlays to the crime-related function has been estimated. The narrative is not intended to be all-inclusive, but rather highlights new initiatives contained in the 1975 budget and portrays the wide range of activities and agencies involved in the Federal crime reduction program. Crime research and statistics.-Crime research and statistics enCompass Federal activities designed to produce numerical data and other information concerning crime, criminals, and the criminal justice system, and to develop new techniques and methods for operation of that system. • Total Federal outlays for crime research and statistics are estimated to be $113 million in 1975. Of this amount $36.6 million 1 Defense Department outlays for crime reduction are not included in this analysis. However, summary of Defense Department outlays for law enforcements are estimated as follows on thou sands of dollars): 1975 304.002 308.962 310.444 $1,500 32.922 $1.719 407.957 399.032 743,325 740,916 742 518 400.355 192 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1975 will be spent for collection of quantitative data, and $76.7 million for research. This compares with $104 million for research and statistics in 1974. During 1975 the Drug Enforcement Administration's catalog of information and statistics on controlled substances will reach maturity, providing a comprehensive data base for identifying and investigating large quantities of abusable substances which may be entering illicit markets. The Coast Guard will continue research to improve its capability for detecting pollution law violations by developing advanced all-weather means of detecting, identifying, and quantifying discharges of oil and hazardous polluting substances. • The U.S. Postal Service will continue development of improved postal security and detection devices such as a letter tracing system, anti-tampering devices for mail sacks, and portable containers for suspect letter bombs. Expenditures by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration to develop and evaluate new enforcement technology will total $29 million in 1975, while criminal statistical collection will account for $33 million. Reform of criminal laws.-Criminal law reform consists of efforts to improve the effectiveness of criminal statutes and assure that they accurately reflect the values and standards of our society. • $5.5 million will be spent on criminal law reform in 1975, a 32% increase over the comparable amount in 1974. Approximately 62% of the 1975 expenditures will support law reform efforts in State and local governments. • In 1975 the National Commission for the Review of Federal and State Laws Relating to Wiretapping and Electronic Surveillance will be conducting its first full year of study into the impact of the Omnibus Crime Control Act of 1968 on the use of wiretaps for law enforcement purposes. • A special unit within the Criminal Division of the Justice Department has been created to establish procedures and coordinate use of the immunity provisions of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, as well as monitor requests for immunity. • The Drug Enforcement Administration will continue drafting and revising regulations and procedures, as well as gathering information for administrative hearings on provisions of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act which will be applicable to individuals and industry alike. • During 1975 the Commission to Review National Policy Toward Gambling will hold public hearings and conduct studies and surveys to determine the nature, extent, and public attitude toward gambling in order to formulate recommendations on a national policy. Prevention of crime.-Crime prevention includes efforts to limit the probability that criminal acts will be committed through means other than direct enforcement or general correctional activities. This category therefore encompasses public education, drug addict rehabilita |