Analysis of claim.

Swindell v. Hagen, 198 F. R. 490. Claims. Analysis of.

See Equitable Asphalt M. Co. v. Parker Washington Co., 197 Fed. 922-923.

The requisite elements are: (1) Opposing blades or bars; (2) Having cooperating serrated edges; (3) Means for vibrating one or more of the blades or bars to produce the feeding action.

Steiger v. Waite Grass Carpet Co., 194 F. R. 884.

Rule 38. Reference to Drawings.

When there are drawings the description shall refer to the different views by figures and to the different parts by letters or numerals (preferably the latter).

CONSTRUCTIONS.

The expressed preference for figures was inserted in 1885. If figures are used it is a little confusing to indicate section lines by the same kind of figures. Roman figures have been used for this latter purpose and the number selected that shall indicate the figure, the section of which is indicated thus: Fig. 4 is a section on the line IV-IV figure 1.

If small letters are used the "caps" may indicate the section lines and that "cap" selected which has a position in the alphabet corresponding to the figure the section locus of which it indicates. Thus, "Fig. 4 is a section on the line D-D, figure 1. Exponents should not be used, but it is sometimes convenient to indicate a part as a whole by a letter and its constituent parts by the same letter followed by a figure, thus a and a2, a3, etc. Corresponding parts in modified forms may be indicated in this way.

A part shown only in dotted lines is sometimes indicated by a reference character surrounded by a dotted line.

If the German rule is followed the drawings can generally be reproduced photographically for foreign applications.

The German Rule.

Für die Bezugszeichen sind die die kleinen lateinischen Buchstaben (a, b, c) in einfacher lesbarer Schrift zu verwenden. Sind mehr als 25 Zeichen nötig, so sind arabische Ziffern zu verwenden. Zur Bezeichnung von Schnittlinien dienen die grossen lateinischen Buchstaben. Winkel sind mit kleinen griechischen Buckstaben (a, 6, 7) zu bezeichnen.

The French Rules.

8. Les lettres de référence et le mot Fig. placé avant le numéro de chaque figure, devront être du type des caractères latins d'imprimerie. Les mêmes pièces seront désignées par les mèmes lettres ou chiffres dans toutes les figures. Une même lettre on un même chiffre ne pourra pas désigner des pièces différentes.

11. Les dessins ne contiendront aucune légende ou indication, timbre, signature ou mention d'aucune sorte autre que le numéro des figures et les lettres ou chiffres de référence, dont la hauteur sera de 3 à 8 millimètres. On ne devra employer que des caractères latins. Les Lettres ou chiffres de référence, que devront être de dimensions uniformes et très correctement dessinés (1) pourront être pourvus d'un exposant, dans des cas exceptionnels. Ils seront rejetés en dehors des figures et des lignes, auxquelles on les raccordera par des attaches. Les lignes de coupe et de raccordement seront indiquées par des lettres ou chiffres semblables:

A A. B B. a a. b b. 11. 2 2.

Les caractères grecs pourront être employés pour désigner des angles

The British Rule.

"Reference letters and figures and index numerals used in conjunction therewith, must be bold, distinct and not less. than one-eighth of an inch in height. The same letters should be used in different views of the same parts. Where reference letters are shown outside the figure, they must be connected with the parts referred to by fine lines." (Part of Rule 22).

Rule 39. Arrangement of Specification.

The following order of arrangement should be observed in framing the specification:

(a) Preamble stating the name and residence of the applicant and the title of the invention.

(b) General statement of the object and nature of the invention.

(c) Brief description of the several views of the drawings (if the invention admit of such illustration).

(d) Detailed description.

(e) Claim or claims.

(f) Signature of applicant.

CONSTRUCTIONS.

212 O. G. 1063.

(f) As Frank is a common Christian name, an affidavit that it is a complete name should not be required.

Moehn, 106 O. G. 995.

(f) Middle name may be abbreviated, but first name should be written in full.

Gentry, 1888 C. D. 115.

See also Smith & Kimble, 97 O. G. 2533.

(a) While an applicant will be allowed within reasonable limits to say what the title of his patent shall be, he has not an absolute right in this or any similar matter of detail and it is the province of this Office to determine whether any title given to an invention is one which satisfies section 4884 of the Revised Statutes.

Nickola, 1891 C. D. 215, 57 O. G. 1425.

(b) The law and rules contemplate that an applicant shall point out at the outset of the specification the particular part, machine, article or composition of matter to which his invention relates, so that the remainder of the specification may be read with reference to some object clearly had in view. But that at the outset the applicant shall state the exact scope of his invention as he intends to claim it is nowhere required, and is inconsistent with law which declares this to be the object of the claim alone.

Thompson, 79 C. D. 212, 16 O. G. 588.

(b) It might not be improper for the Examiner to insist upon this statement at the outset, but after the expiration of eighteen months spent on the merits of the case, it is unreasonable to insist upon such formal objection.

Bate, 1879 C. D. 84, 15 O. G. 1012.

(b) A statement that "The invention consists of the several parts shown in the drawing" seems to be improper. Gould, 1876 C. D. 164.

See also Bate, 1879 C. D. 84, 15 O. G. 1012.

It is not a presumption of law that a subscribing witness has a knowledge of the contents of the document to which he attaches his name; he merely attests the signature of the party, or execution of the deed.

Cushman v. Parham, 76 C. D. 130, 9 O. G. 1108.

Doubtless if the patent were actually issued, with but a single witness to the specification, or without a petition or the payment of fees, these formalities would not avoid the patent.

Atwood, 1869 C. D. 98.

Sec. 51-6.

The requirement for two witnesses to the drawing and specification was canceled by Act of Congress, March 9, 1915. Sec. 212 O. G. 1063.

(a) Applicant's address at which he customarily receives his mail. Care of attorney not sufficient. Object to communicate with applicant direct. Official Notice.

225 O. G. 375.

An applicant should be permitted to retain the title he thinks appropriate unless there are substantial reasons to the contrary.

Wiland, 152 O. G. 957.

Omission of address is not such a vital mistake as will warrant a refusal to consider application.

Becker, 1901 C. D. 198, 97 O. G. 1597.

Rule 40. Signature to Specification.

The specification must be signed by the inventor or one of the persons indicated in Rule 25. Full names must be given, and all names must be legibly written. Rev. Stat., sec. 4888.

See notes to Rule 39 (f).

CONSTRUCTIONS.

An application can not be received where only one of two joint inventors has signed the specification, even where the other refuses to sign.

In re Crane, 106 O. G. 999.

The words "and attested by two witnesses" struck out of the statute by amendment approved March 3, 1915.

212 O. G. 1063.

And of course the rule was amended to conform to the statute.

No affidavit required that "Ray" was applicant's full first

name.

If an application is returned from the Issue Division for correction of alleged informality a ruling by the Primary Examiner on the point is conclusive.

Faulkner, 128 O. G. 886.

Where different forms of the applicant's name appear in the preamble and signature to the specification, one of them presumably a corruption or nickname, an affidavit should be required stating which is the correct form. Where the incorrect form appears in the preamble correction should be made by amendment. Where the abbreviated form or nickname appears in the signature, the patent may issue after the filing of the affidavit above referred to.

Clark, 124 O. G. 910. Cases reviewed.

The signature of the applicant by his attorney may be admitted.

Heginbotham, 1875 C. D. 93; Voelter, 1870 C. D. 84. There are numerous decisions (Am. & Eng. Encycl. of Law, Vol. 21, p. 309) to the effect that the courts will take judicial notice of ordinary and commonly used abbreviations and equivalents of Christian names. As was stated, however, in Ex parte Boston Fountain Pen Company, Supra, the cases referred to show that where names have been differently written questions have arisen requiring judicial decision and it is one of the functions of this Office to prevent such uncertainty in connection with instruments which the law authorizes it to issue.

Clark, 124 0. G. 910; Gentry, 1888 C. D. 115; Smith and Kimble, 97 O. G. 2533; Boston Fountain Pen. Co., 116 O. G. 2531.

In Gentry, 1888 C. D. 115, it was held on the authority of Gaines et al. v. Stiles, 14 Peters 322, that the insertion or omission of the middle name or initial was immaterial and that the full first given name and surname were necessary to constitute compliance with the law.

Clark, 124 O. G. 910.

"Marie, Princess of Jsenburg" informal but full name may be supplied by amendment in substitute paper.

108 O. G. 2145.

The name of the applicant must be signed. Charles Prince de Lowenstein, is not sufficient.

In re Charles, Prince de Lowenstein, 108 O. G. 562. A signature by another person is not sufficient.

Taylor, 107 O. G. 1098.

If first name appears to be an abbreviation an affidavit to the contrary must be filed.

Smith & Kimble, 1901 C. D. 231, 97 O. G. 2533.

The application may not be passed to issue until the full first name of applicant is supplied.

Cerdes, 93 O. G. 193.