How do the various factors apply to or affect the Hawaiian Islands? 1. Hawaii is blessed with outstanding recreational and climatic facilities and her visitors and residents like to live outdoors and enjoy the benefits therefrom. By conforming Hawaii's observance of time and providing 1 extra hour of daylight during the summer months, Hawaii would further increase its attraction as one of the garden spots of the world for vacationers and her citizens and visitors would be able to further enjoy one of Hawaii's greatest assets outdoor living. This, in turn, should economically benefit the entire area. 2. It would help reduce fatigue, industrial accidents, and increase efficiency with a resultant reduction in costs, thereby help in making Hawaiian products more competitive on the mainland as well as in the world markets. 3. Statistics compiled by the Department of Transportation, Highway Division, State of Hawaii, indicate that the additional evening daylight hour should help reduce traffic accidents, as it has elsewhere, and would permit an even greater percentage of the people to get off the streets and home before dark. 4. The extra hour in the evening will be a further weapon with which Hawaiian authorities can carry on their continuous program to reduce juvenile delinquency. 5. Hawaiian business involving communications with the Pacific coast, the Midwest, and the eastern portions of the United States will be stimulated with resultant favorable reaction on the volume of business done and resultant employment—all of which could mean more revenue to business, wages to employees, and taxes to the government. In normal times, the Hawaiian Islands maintain a 2-hour differential with the Pacific coast, 4 hours with the Midwest, and 5 hours with the Atlantic coast areas. These time differentials create sufficient difficluties in maintaining communications as they are. Thus when all these mainland areas adopt daylight saving time and the Hawaian Islands do not, the time differential is increased by 1 hour, and of course there is one less hour during the normal business day when business between the areas involved can be conducted. This results in placing increased hardships on all business interests, manufacturers, agricultural producers and sellers, hotels and tourist groups, bankers, etc. As Hawaiian businesses expand and make more money they will pay a greater share of the tax load to run the city government and schools, and individual tax bills will be cut, percentagewise, that amount. If for no other reason, daylight saving time should be adopted in Hawaii for economic reasons. This will benefit not only the business community but also the average citizen. 7. It will help stimulate the availability of live television broadcasts. While the Hawaiian Islands today do not enjoy direct live TV programs, with the development of Telstar and other technical improvements in communication. Hawaii will soon enjoy such live programs-and the expense of obtaining such live programs will be held to a minimum, provided the time differentials are likewise held to a minimum. The question is, Should Hawaiian business and its economic welfare unnecessarily be penalized? Should Hawaii be out of step with the leading business, financial, and population centers on the mainland, on which it depends so largely? Or should the Hawaiian Islands recognize what other business centers have learned by experience-what they and their people like and want-and get in step? Today Hawaii is an important State in the Union. It is no longer those distant islands in the Pacific. Its business is related to that of its sister States on the mainland. The fact that the Hawaiian people have tried daylight saving time back in the early thirties and didn't like it should not be a controlling factor. Conditions have changed since 1930. As an illustration of how public opinion has changed over the last 35 years, the people of California rejected daylight saving time twice, once in 1930 and again in 1940. In 1948, however, by popular vote they adopted daylight saving time by a vote of 1,405,257 to 1,167,846, or a majority of 238,411 votes, and in June 1962, just 3 years ago, with the strong support of every segment of the community, the people of California reaffirmed their approval of daylight saving time and its extension an additional month each year, by a vote of 2,826,050 votes to 1,087,408 votes. In other words, over 72 percent of those who voted were in favor not only of its continuation but of its extension. For a list of the prinicipal groups and organizations which supported this program, see exhibit A. Over the years, the daylight saving program in California, according to the Argonaut, has been receiving "increased support and endorsement from all branches of industry, business, labor, and agriculture and, above all, from the people." The farmers, including the dairymen and the produce farmers, have found that during those years when they experienced daylight saving time unit production continued to increase wherever scientific methods were followed. Several years ago, on this point, S. V. Christierson, president, Major Distributing Co., which is one of the leading produce farmers in the Salinas area of California, wrote, "Daylight saving is, in my opinion, of great benefit to the farmer*** as it permits more work to be accomplished during daylight hours. Especially during the harvest season, this is of particular importance, as the days are never long enough and work during daylight hours is of special value." As far as dairy farming is concerned, dairymen pay little attention to the time of day when they milk their cows. On efficient, scientifically operated farms, the cows are milked at regular intervals throughout the 24 hours of the day without any regard to whether it is daylight or not. Practically all of the major States that are projecting an image of progress. and growth have adopted the principle of daylight saving time during the summer months. Most of those who still resist the trend that is sweeping the Nation seem to say, "What was good enough for my grandfather is good enough for me," but today as we look back we know our grandfathers did not have all the answers, any more than we do today. Regardless of what people may say, daylight saving time is merely a system in which, during the summer months when the sun rises earlier and sets later than in other months, clocks are moved ahead 1 hour. That does not mean that anyone has to lose an hour's sleep, as some have charged. It does mean that you have an hour's additional daylight during the evening-an additional hour for golf, swimming, tennis, picnicking, backyard barbecuing, or whatever other outdoor recreation you enjoy, to do so individually, with your family or with your friends. Some of those who oppose daylight saving time claim you lose an hour's sleep because the clocks are set ahead 1 hour. As anyone knows, that is not true. A person who ordinarily goes to bed at 10 p.m. has no reason to change, and for one who ordinarily wakes at 6:30 a.m. there is no change either. You have the same amount of sleep as before, but there will have been an hour's more daylight time during your waking hours. Some people say you cannot put children to bed when it is light outside. Those thousands of mothers who insist that their children take naps during the afternoon will refute this statement because from experience they know this is not true. Some say that daylight saving time will hurt businesses which cannot start before dark. Reports from other communities which have had daylight saving time for many years indicate that such businesses (mainly outdoor theaters) suffer no ill effects. The Hawaiian Islands are today a major unit of the United States. They are no longer merely a group of small islands in the Pacific. The Hawaiian Islands' economy is closely related to that of the mainland. The fundamental issue is, Do the people of Hawaii want to penalize themselves, make the expansion of business and business communications more difficult than they are by geographical necessity, or do they want to enjoy the economic, social, and personal benefits of daylight saving time, keep in step with the march of progress and stimulate their economy by bringing their observance of time into conformity with the other major areas of the United States? Believing the answer to the last question is yes and that Hawaii has everything to gain and nothing to lose by adopting daylight saving time from the last Sunday in April to the last Sunday in October-thus bringing its observance of time throughout the year into conformity with the progressive and forward-looking regions of the United States, the Hawaiian Committee for Time Uniformity urges that all concerned join together and unitedly takes steps to have the required legislation adopted to bring Hawaiian time differentials throughout the year into conformity with the Atlantic coast, the Midwest and the Pacific coast-in other words, with the other progressive and forward-looking areas within the United States. EXHIBIT A CALIFORNIA ADOPTS TIME UNIFORMITY In June 1962, the people of California, by a majority of 72 percent of those voting amended the California State constitution to reaffirm their approval of daylight saving time, commencing the last Sunday in April and extending the termination of the observance each year from the last Sunday in September to the last Sunday in October. This brought California's time into conformity with the basic time schedules observed throughout the major Atlantic coast and Midwestern States, which also enjoy the benefits from advancing the clock 1 hour during 6 months of the year. Among those organizations which supported the program were: American Marketing Association Association of Stock Exchange Firms Building Contractors Association of California California Bankers Association California Broadcasters Association California Federation of Labor, AFL-CIO California Manufacturers Association California Metal Trades Association California Railroad Association California State Chamber of Commerce California State Junior Chamber of Commerce Insurance Brokers Exchange of California International Longshoremen's & Warehousemen's Union Investment Bankers Association of America (California group) Teamsters Union Transportation Association of America Western Growers Association Republicans and Democrats backed the proposal and the California Democratic State Central Committee officially endorsed it. Newspapers throughout the State editorialized about its importance to California's and the Pacific coast's growth, and its relationship with other areas of the United States. So far as it is known, not one single newspaper opposed the amendment to the State constitution. Re statement on time legislation. MAY HOSIERY MILLS, Nashville, Tenn., February 11, 1966. COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE, Rayburn Office Building, Washington, D.C. DEAR SIRS: If there is to be any legislation on the above matter, I would strongly urge uniform standard time throughout the entire year. Some years ago this subject received the attention of the Tennessee Legislature which wisely and by well-night unanimous vote enacted mandatory standard time for the whole year. This has given eminent satisfaction. It should be noted that many parts of the world have tried a summer change of time. Nearly all of Europe and South America experimented with such change; it was abandoned in all major areas save only England. In the South, too, several cities tried this alteration in summer. Among other things it was found quite incompatible with the climate: it added another hour of heat along with the light, whereas in all warm climes the cool of the evening is sought as soon as possible. Those who for special reasons seek a so-called extra hour of sun can nearly always alter their own schedules to attain this without bringing about the complications and confusions that result from summer time changes. Uniform standard time would as already indicated put us on the proven basis that is just about (after periods of trials of something else) universal. Sincerely, MORTIMER MAY. [Telegram] NEW YORK, N.Y., February 7, 1966. HARLEY O. STAGGERS, Chairman, Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C.: The Association of Stock Exchange Firms, a nationwide trade organization for some 600 member firms of the New York Stock Exchange, urges the enactment of H.R. 6785, the uniform time legislation now before your committee. Our members are seriously affected by the local variations in daylight saving time observances. Uniform time is essential to the rapid and efficient communications which are an essential element for operating a nationwide securities market. This association is joined by other securities industry organizations in urging the enactment of this uniform time legislation that is of utmost importance to all American industries. WILLIAM E. HUTTON, President, Association of Stock Exchange Firms. Hon. HARLEY STAGGERS, MANUFACTURERS HANOVER TRUST CO., Chairman, House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, DEAR CHAIRMAN STAGGERS: We are writing to you at this time to indicate our strong support of H.R. 6785, H.R. 7867, and H.R. 6481 in which we join with the Committee for Time Uniformity in urging their enactment, thereby eliminating much of the present time confusion. We publish a world time chart which indicates the time differences between New York City and over 125 countries throughout the world, which is distributed free of charge to the public. With daylight saving time being a major problem, we send hundreds of letters to the individual States and cities attempting to ascertain whether they will be on standard time or daylight saving time, and often have to follow them up with telegrams and long-distance telephone calls in order to meet the printer's deadline for publication. In view of the above, you can understand our deep interest in the problem of time uniformity. Sincerely yours, RICHARD E. MORGAN, (Per Procuration). Re H.R. 6481, H.R. 6785, H.R. 7867. AMERICAN MUTUAL INSURANCE ALLIANCE, Chairman, House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, DEAR MR. STAGGERS: The American Mutual Insurance Alliance would like to take this opportunity to express its interest in the general objectives and purpose of H.R. 6481, H.R. 6785, and H.R. 7867. The alliance is a trade association composed of approximately 120 member companies which operate in the mutual fire and casualty insurance field and write some 50 percent of such business in the United States. We believe that a more uniform system of time observance throughout the United States and a uniform switchover date to and from standard time would be beneficial to all segments of the economy. The uniformity that would result from the enactment of this legislation will contribute to greater safety of operation on the highways and in the air and will eliminate much of the confusion which now exists in time schedules throughout the Nation. Sincerely, WALLACE M. SMITH, Washington, D.C., Branch Office Manager. Hon. HARLEY STAGGERS, AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION, Washington, D.C., February 2, 1966. Chairman, House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. DEAR CHAIRMAN STAGGERS: The Amalgamated Transit Union is the dominant union in the local transit and over-the-road industry. Over 100,000 persons are members of the union and employed in the industry. We are keenly aware of the aggravated problems that flow from the lack of a national policy on time uniformity. We are aware of the confusion caused by the too frequent and otherwise needless schedule changes necessitated by communities going on and off daylight saving time at varying times during the year; we are aware of the confusion of the traveling public, and of business enterprises, created by varying time standards between communities anticipating daylight saving time on varying dates. The recent 38th convention of our union held in San Francisco, September 13 through 17, 1965, adopted a resolution whose resolve reads as follows: "Resolved, That this 38th convention of the Amalgamated Transit Union assembled in San Francisco, September 13 through 17, does support the establishment of time uniformity by the national legislature and instructs the officers to seek adoption of such legislation by the House, and the Congress of the United States." As you see, we deeply appreciate the need for a national policy dealing with time uniformity, particularly as it is expressed in H.R. 6481, 6785, and 7867, now before the House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee. We favor the enactment of H.R. 6481, 6785, and 7867, and urge a favorable report by the committee. Respectfully submitted. JOHN M. ELLIOTT, International President. Hon. HARLEY O. STAGGERS, PACIFIC AMERICAN STEAMSHIP ASSOCIATION, Chairman, Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: It is our understanding that your committee will hold bearings on February 1, 1966, on various bills "To establish uniform dates throughout the United States for the commencing and ending of daylight saving time in those States and local jurisdictions where it is observed." The Pacific American Steamship Association, a trade association representing the principal west coast steamship operators engaged in both passenger and cargo services, wishes to take this opportunity to record our favorable views on the proposed legislation. It is our belief that a uniformity of time standards will benefit the American transportation industry as a whole through the elimination of confusion on the part of passengers in making connections for transocean voyages, and shippers in the booking of cargo. Favorable consideration by your committee on legislation to provide uniform time standards will unquestionably benefit the steamship industry. It is respectfully requested that this letter be included in the hearing record on the pending bills. Sincerely yours, JOHN N. THURMAN, RAILWAY LABOR EXECUTIVES' ASSOCIATION, Hon. HARLEY O. STAGGERS, DEAR CHAIRMAN: The Railway Labor Executives' Association, on behalf of the 22 standard railway labor organizations, representing substantially all of the several classes and crafts of railroad employees in the United States, wishes to be recorded in support of the general objectives of the time uniformity bills (H.R. 6785, Staggers; H.R. 7867, Macdonald; H.R. 6481, Harris, and S. 1404, Cotton, McGee) now under consideration by your committee. We understand that among the 17 bills under consideration, one of the major differences is whether adoption of daylight saving time by the States should be mandatory or not. We would certainly be in favor of a strong bill but, as the |