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TABLE 250.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race-Continued.

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a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

Information was obtained in this locality for 684 foreign-born male employees, of which number 41.4 per cent are fully naturalized and an additional 35.5 per cent have obtained first papers.

Because of the small number involved, computations have been made for the representatives of only four races in this locality. Of these races the Irish, with 72.6 per cent fully naturalized, show a slightly larger proportion than do the Germans. As compared with the Irish and Germans, however, the Poles and Croatians each show a small proportion who have acquired full citizenship. As between the Croatians and Poles, on the other hand, who have declared their intention of becoming citizens it will be noted that the proportion of the former very largely exceeds that of the latter, the latter reporting identically the same proportion having first papers only as have acquired full citizenship. In addition to the large proportion of Germans and Irish who have acquired full citizenship each reports a proportion having first papers only slightly below that shown by the Poles.

The interest in political and civic affairs manifested by foreign-born males after designated periods of residence in this country is considered in the table next presented, which shows by years in the United States and race the present political condition of foreign-born males in the households studied who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States.

TABLE 251.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States, by years in the United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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Of those who have been in the United States from five to nine years only 10.8 cent are fully naturalized and 45.8 per cent have first papers only, while of those who have been in the United States ten years or over 63.3 per cent are fully naturalized and 28.1 per cent have first papers only. Both the Germans and Croatians who have been in the United States from five to nine years, show a slightly larger proportion, both fully naturalized and having first papers only, than is shown by the total for Il foreign-born male employees, while of those who have been in the United States ten years or over it will be noted that the Croatians show a much smaller proportion fully naturalized and a much larger proportion having first papers only than do the Germans.

The following table shows by race of individual the present political condition of foreign-born males in the households studied who had been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming:

TABLE 252.-Present political condition of foreign-born males who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

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The total for all races of foreign birth in the preceding table shows that 44.6 per cent were fully naturalized and 25.7 per cent had first papers only. As regards the several races, the Germans have much the larger proportion of fully naturalized persons; about the same proportion of citizens being shown by the Croatians and Poles. The Croatians show a slightly greater tendency toward acquiring citizenship, 30 per cent of their number having first papers only as compared with 25.9 per cent of the Poles. The relatively small percentage of Germans having first papers only is probably due to the long period of residence of this race and to the large proportion who have acquired full citizenship.

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

The following table shows the per cent of persons of non-Englishspeaking races in the households studied who were 6 years of age or over and who could speak English:

TABLE 253.—Per cent of persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all non-English-speaking races.]

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In this locality 78 per cent of the males 6 years of age or over, for whom information was secured, speak English, as compared with 53.4 per cent of the females. The proportion of males who speak English is much larger for the native-born of foreign father than for the foreign-born. All of the native-born females of foreign father speak English, as compared with only 38.3 per cent of foreign-born females. The proportion of foreign-born males who speak English is largest for the Germans and slightly larger for the Poles than for the Croatians. It further appears that the Germans have the largest and the Croatians the smallest proportion of females who can speak English.

The extent to which the foreign-born male employees of nonEnglish-speaking races have acquired the ability to speak English is set forth in the table next presented according to race.

TABLE 254.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak English, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

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Of the 2,941 foreign-born males for whom information was obtained, 60.3 per cent speak English. Among these foreign-born races, it will be noted that the Swedes, with 98.8 per cent, show a slightly larger proportion with ability to speak English than do the Germans. The Slovenians, with a considerably smaller proportion than the Germans who speak English, show a slightly larger proportion than do the Slovaks and Croatians, a considerably larger proportion than do the South Italians, Servians, Lithuanians, or Greeks, and a much larger proportion than do the Poles or Russians, the last named reporting only 29.7 per cent with ability to speak English.

The table shows the per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who could speak English, presented according to age at time of arrival in the United States and race of individual, thus enabling a comparison as to progress in acquiring the language to be made between younger and older immigrants:

TABLE 255.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

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Of the total foreign-born, as shown by the table, 86.4 per cent who were under 14 years of age at time of coming to the United States, are now able to speak English, as compared with 52.8 per cent of those who were 14 years of age or over at time of their arrival in this country, the comparison clearly indicating greater adaptability and quickness in acquiring the language among those who came at an early age. The same tendency is exhibited for each race for which data are presented, the greatest difference between those who were under 14 and

those who were 14 years of age or over when they came to the United States being shown by the Croatians.

The progress exhibited after specified periods of residence by persons of foreign birth and of non-English-speaking races is set forth in the following table, which shows, by years in the United States and race of individual, the per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over in the households studied who could speak English:

TABLE 256.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by years in the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all nonEnglish-speaking races.]

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The percentages for the total in the preceding table clearly show a pronounced advancement in the ability to speak English corresponding to the increase in the period of residence in the United States, 91.6 per cent of the total who have been in the United States ten years or over being able to speak English as compared with 27.3 per cent who have been in this country less than five years. The same general tendency is exhibited by the individual races, the most rapid progress being shown for the Poles, with Germans and Croatians next in order.

The following table makes the comparison for the employees age at time of coming to the United States and race:

TABLE 257.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak English, by age at time of coming to the United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

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