The proportion of each race in the United States under twenty, under ten, and under five years, respectively, is next shown by locality. Male employees only are considered.

TABLE 12.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by locality and by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting in each of two or more localities. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

A comparison of the localities studied shows Chicago to have 75 per cent of its male employees resident in the United States less than twenty years, 59.6 per cent here less than ten years, and only 36.8 per cent here less than five years. Kansas City reports 82.9 per cent less than twenty years in the United States, 70.7 per cent less than ten years, and as many as 52.4 per cent less than five years. Omaha has a slightly less proportion than Chicago of those in the United States under twenty years, but a greater proportion here under ten and under five years, respectively. In other words, Chicago shows 25 per cent of its operating forces, and Omaha shows 25.9 per cent, to have been twenty years or more in the United States, whereas Kansas City reports only 17.1 per cent here as long as that. Only 36.8 per cent of Chicago's packing-house employees have come to the United States within the past five years, whereas Omaha reports 43.2 per cent and Kansas City 52.4 per cent as of such recent immigration.

Though reporting in Chicago only 20.5 per cent less than five years in the United States, in contrast with 27.7 per cent in Omaha, the Bohemians and Moravians show 18.1 per cent more for Chicago and 18.9 per cent more for Omaha reported as less than ten years in this country. The difference in the proportion here under ten years and those here under twenty years is 21.9 per cent for Chicago and 20.4 per cent for Omaha. These figures make it very evident that, though the Bohemians and Moravians came to Chicago earlier than to Omaha, a greater proportion of the race has since come to South Omaha.

On the other hand, the Magyars, showing in Chicago 59.5 per cent less than five years in the United States, in contrast with 67.1 per cent in Omaha, show 22.9 per cent more in Chicago and only 17 per cent more in Omaha reported as less than ten years in this country, while the figures for those here under twenty years are an increase of 13.5 per cent in the case of Chicago and of only 6.1 per cent in the case of Omaha. This indicates that a greater proportion of the Magyars in Omaha than of those in Chicago are reported as having been in the United States at least twenty years, a less proportion came during the next fifteen years than was the case with Chicago; but during the past five years a greater relative number of new arrivals have entered the Omaha packing houses than have entered those of Chicago.

A comparison of the localities with regard to length of residence in the United States of the foreign-born is next made from the returns of the household study. Only four races report in sufficient numbers for tabulation.

TABLE 13.-Per cent of foreign-born persons in the United States each specified number of years, by locality and by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 20 or more persons reporting in each of two or more localities. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The foregoing table shows that foreign-born persons of a residence of less than twenty years in the United States form 90.1 per cent of the operating forces in Kansas City, 70.2 per cent of those in South Omaha, and 63.5 per cent of those in Chicago. A greater proportion of the Bohemians and Moravians, Irish and Poles in South Omaha than of those in Chicago show a residence of less than twenty years and the Germans and Poles in the United States at least tweny years are relatively more numerous in Chicago than in Kansas City. In the last named locality 90.4 per cent of the Poles and 73.3 per cent of the Germans have been in the United States less than twenty years. In each of the three localities a very large per cent of the Poles are of a residence of less than twenty years. On the other hand, in Chicago and South Omaha, the two localities in which the Irish are represented, only 17.5 and 21.2 per cent, respectively, of that race have been in this country under twenty years. A much larger proportion of the Germans in Kansas City than of those in either of the other localities have come to the United States within the past twenty

years.

The Poles in each locality show a large percentage of their representatives to be of a residence of less than ten years, while, on the other hand, a correspondingly small proportion of the Irish in this

period of residence are exhibited. It is also worthy of note that 47.4 per cent of the Bohemians and Moravians in South Omaha and 40.8 per cent of the Germans in Kansas City are of a residence of less than ten years in the United States, although both these races were among the first to immigrate in large numbers to this country.

Foreign-born persons of a residence in the United States of less than five years are found in the greatest relative proportion in Kansas City, the next highest proportion being shown for South Omaha, and the lowest for Chicago. In each locality, as well as in the industry as a whole, the German and Irish have very small proportions of persons who have been in this country under five years, the 15 per cent of the Germans in Kansas City being the highest proportion shown by either of these races in any locality. The Bohemians and Moravians rank next to the Germans and Irish in the small percentage of individuals of less than five years' residence. On the other hand, quite a different showing is made by the Poles, of whom 30.8 per cent in Chicago, 36.6 per cent in South Omaha, 49.3 per cent in Kansas City, have come to this country within the past five years.

RACIAL CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AT THE PRESENT TIME.

The following table shows, by sex, the number and per cent of employees of each race for whom information was secured:

TABLE 14.-Employees for whom information was secured, by sex, and general nativity

and race.

TABLE 14.-Employees for whom information was secured, by sex, and general nativity and race-Continued.

Out of a total of slightly more than 40,000 male employees for whom information was secured, 61.3 per cent are foreign-born and 38.7 per cent are native-born; 13.4 per cent are native-born of foreign father, or second-generation immigrants. The females show a slightly larger proportion of native-born of foreign father. Of that sex, 53.7 per cent are foreign-born and 27.7 per cent are native-born of foreign father. The males who are native-born of native father, whites, represent 17.7 per cent of the total number of males in the industry, while the native-born of native father, negroes, represent