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TABLE 125.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex, years in the
United States, and race-Continued.

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a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

The above table shows that there is, in general, an increase in the proportion of employees, both males and females, who speak English, with length of residence in the United States. In the case of every race for which the percentages are given, a considerably larger proportion of males who have been in this country from five to nine years than of the males who have been here under five years are able to speak English, and in the case of every race except the Magyars a larger proportion of males who have been here ten years or over than of males who have been here from five to nine years are able to speak English. This increase in the proportion of males who speak English is particularly noticeable among the Greeks and Slovenians. A tendency similar to that shown by the percentages for the males is shown by the percentages for the females. The proportion of female employees who speak English is larger, in the case of every race for which the percentages have been completed, for females who have been in the United States from five to nine years than for females who have been here under five years, and larger, in the case of every race except the Croatians, for females who have been here ten years or over than for females who have been here from five to nine years.

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PART II.-SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT PACKING IN CHICAGO.

189

PART II-THE SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT-PACKING INDUSTRY IN

CHICAGO.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTION.

The significance of Chicago as a slaughtering and meat-packing center-The stockyards district of Chicago The development of the industry-Households studied— Members of households for whom detailed information was secured-Employees for whom information was secured-[Text Tables 126 to 130, General Tables 58 to 60].

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CHICAGO AS A SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT-PACKING CENTER.a

In 1905 the value of the output of the slaughtering and meat-packing industry in the city of Chicago was $269,581,486. This figure represents 29.5 per cent of the total value of slaughtering and meatpacking products for the United States. Not only is Chicago the principal center of the industry of the country, but the industry is the most important in the city. It appears from the special reports of the United States census on manufactures that in 1905 the value of the slaughtering and meat-packing output amounted to 28.2 per cent of the value of all local manufactures. In capital invested and in the average number of wage-earners, as well as in the value of products, slaughtering and meat packing outranks all other industries of the city. There were at the time specified 24 establishments in the city, the property of 13 individuals or firms, and the capital invested was $69,880,273. An expenditure of $230,866,378 was made for raw materials. Of the 22,391 wage-earners reported by the census, 19,857, or 88.7 per cent, were men 16 years of age or over, 2,477, or 11.1 per cent, were women 16 years of age or over, and only 57 were children. The total sum annually paid in wages was $12,243,111.

THE STOCK-YARDS DISTRICT OF CHICAGO.

The Chicago police district known as the stock-yards district, extends from Thirty-ninth street on the north to One hundred and seventh street on the south, and from State street on the east to Forty-eighth street on the west. These limits, however, contain much territory not directly tributary to the stock yards. Practically all the workmen who are employed in the stock yards and slaughtering and packing houses are found residing within the district bounded on the north by Thirty-ninth street, on the south by Fifty-fifth street, on the east by Wentworth avenue, and on the

a Figures from United States census of manufactures for 1905.

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