Five reports were submitted to Congress: (1) Interim Report of the Federal Trade Commission on the Agricultural Income Inquiry, December 26, 1935, printed as House Document No. 380, Seventy-fourth Congress, second session (6 pages); (2) Fruits and Vegetables-Agricultural Income Inquiry (interim report), February 1, 1937, printed as Senate Document No. 17, Seventy-fifth Congress, first session (16 pages); (3) Agricultural Income Inquiry, Part I, Principal Farm Products, March 2, 1937, of which the first two chapters were first printed, namely, (a) summary and (b) conclusions and recommendations, as Senate Document No. 54, Seventy-fifth Congress, first session (40 pages), the complete report (1134 pages) later being printed by the Commission; (4) Part II, Fruits, Vegetables and Grapes, June 10, 1937, printed by the Commission (906 pages), and Part III, Supplementary Report, November 8, 1937, printed by the Commission (154 pages). (See also Price Deflation.) Automobiles.-See Motor Vehicle Industry.

Bakeries. This inquiry was made on the basis of President Wilson's order of February 7, 1917, calling for a general investigation relating to foodstuffs. The Commission made a brief report on the cost of bread, and other related factors, which was printed, with other data, by the United States Food Administration, November 1917, and entitled "United States Food Administration Report of the Federal Trade Commission on Bakery Business in United States." (pp. 5-13, out of print). (See Bread and Flour, Flour Milling, and Food Investigation.)

Bread and Flour. This inquiry was made pursuant to Senate Resolution No. 163, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session, adopted February 16, 1924. The resolution directed the Commission to investigate the production, distribution, transportation, and sale of flour and bread, showing costs, prices, and profits at each stage of the process of production and distribution; the extent and methods of price fixing, price maintenance, and price discrimination; concentration of control in the milling and baking industries, and evidence indicating the existence of agreements, conspiracies, or combinations in restraint of trade. Two preliminary reports dealt with competitive conditions in flour milling and bakery combines and profits. The final report showed, among other things, that wholesale baking in recent years had been generally profitable. It disclosed also price-cutting wars by big bakery combines and subsequent price-fixing agreements. Reports were: Competitive Conditions in Flour Milling (140 pages) printed as Senate Document No. 97, Seventieth Congress, first session, May 3, 1926; Bakery Combines and Profits (95 pages), printed as Senate Document No. 212, Sixty-ninth Congress, second session, February 11, 1927; and Competition and Profits in Bread and Flour (509 pages) printed as Senate Document No. 98, Seventieth Congress, first session, January 11, 1928. A supplementary report covering data withheld during court proceedings (Millers' National Federation against Federal Trade Commission) entitled Conditions in the Flour Milling Business, was submitted to the Senate May 28, 1932, and printed as Senate Document No. 96, Seventy-second Congress, first session (26 pages). (See also Bakeries, Flour Milling, and Food Investigation.)

Calcium Arsenate. This inquiry was made pursuant to Senate Resolution No. 417, Sixty-seventh Congress, fourth session, adopted January 23, 1923. The high prices of calcium arsenate, a, poison used to destroy the cotton boll weevil, led to this inquiry from which it appeared that the cause of such prices was the sudden increase in demand rather than any restraints of trade. The report, Calcium Arsenate Industry, was submitted to the Senate March 3, 1923. and printed as Senate Document No. 345, Sixty-seventh Congress, fourth session (21 pages).

Cement Industry. This inquiry was made pursuant to Senate Resolution No. 448, Seventy-first Congress, third session, adopted February 16, 1931. This resolution instructed the Commission to investigate competitive conditions and distributing processes in the cement industry to determine the existence, if any, of unfair trade practices or violations of the anti-trust laws. The report indicated that rigid application of the multiple basing-point price system, universally used in the industry, tended to lessen price competition and destroy the value of sealed bids; that manufacturers in concert with dealer organizations had engaged in activities which strengthened the system's price effectiveness and that dealers' associations had engaged in practices designed to restrict sales to those recognized as legitimate dealers by the associations. It was indicated such practices also tended to control sales terms. The report, Cement Industry, reiterated certain findings and conclusions of the Commis

sion's earlier report on the cement industry made as a part of the price bases inquiry (see Price Bases and Steel Investigations herein for further reference to basing-point systems). The cement report was submitted to the Senate June 9, 1933, and printed as Senate Document No. 71, Seventy-third Congress, first session (160 pages).

Chain Stores.-This inquiry was made pursuant to Senate Resolution No. 224, Seventieth Congress, first session, adopted May 12, 1928. The Commission was directed to ascertain the advantages and disadvantages of chain-store distribution as compared with other types of distribution and how far the increase in the former system depended upon quantity prices and whether or not such quantity prices were in violation of law and what legislation, if any, should be enacted regarding them. The resolution also called for a report upon the extent

to which practices of the chain stores had tended to monopoly or concentration of control, the existence of unfair methods, and agreements in restraint of trade. The factual data, submitted in 33 separate reports published as Senate documents under the general title Chain Stores, contained detailed statistical analyses of almost every phase of chain-store operation.

Subtitles of the chain store reports, their dates of submittal, and the document numbers under which they were printed, are as follows:

Cooperative Grocery Chains, 199 pages, July 13, 1931, Senate Document No. 12, Seventy-second Congress, first session.

ers, Chains, and Other Distributors), 53 pages, January 13, 1933, Senate Document No. 170, Seventy-second Congress, second session.

Wholesale Business of Retail Chains, Gross Profit and Average Sales per 38 pages, December 22, 1931, Senate Store of Retail Chains, 75 pages, FebDocument No. 29, Seventy-second Con-ruary 2, 1933, Senate Document No. gress, first session. 178, Seventy-second Congress, second session.

Sources of Chain-Store Merchandise, 76 pages, December 22, 1931, Senate Document No. 30, Seventy-second Congress, first session.

Scope of the Chain-Store Inquiry, 33 pages, December 22, 1931, Senate Document No. 31, Seventy-second Congress, first session.

Chain-Store Leaders and Loss Leaders, 57 pages, January 15, 1932, Senate Document No. 51, Seventy-second Congress, first session.

Cooperative Drug and Hardware Chains, 28 pages, April 18, 1932, Senate Document No. 82, Seventy-second Congress, first session.

Growth and Development of Chain Stores, 81 pages, June 11, 1932, Senate Document No. 100, Seventy-second Congress, first session.

Chain-Store Manufacturing, 129 pages, April 5, 1933, Senate Document No. 13, Seventy-third Congress, first session.

Sales, Costs, and Profits of Retail Chains, 120 pages, April 22, 1933, Senate Document No. 40, Seventy-third Congress, first session.

Prices and margins of Chain and Independent Distributors, Washington, D. C.-Grocery, 98 pages, May 15, 1933, Senate Document No. 62, Seventy-third Congress, first session.

Prices and Margins of Chain and Independent Distributors, Memphis-Grocery, 44 pages, June 8, 1933, Senate Document No. 69, Seventy-third Congress, first session.

Chain-Store Private Brands, 126 Prices and Margins of Chain and Inpages, September 26, 1932, Senate Doc-dependent Distributors, Detroit-Groument No. 142, Seventy-second Congress, second session.

Short Weighing and Over Weighing in Chain and Independent Grocery Stores, 42 pages, December 15, 1932, Senate Document No. 153, Seventy-second Congress, second session.

Sizes of Stores of Retail Chains, 50 pages, December 21, 1932, Senate Document No. 156, Seventy-second Congress, second session.

cery, 42 pages, June 22, 1933, Senate Document No. 81, Seventy-third Congress, second session.

Prices and Margins of Chain and Independent Distributors, CincinnatiGrocery, 50 pages, November 12, 1933, Senate Document No. 88, Seventy-third Congress, second session.

Prices and Margins of Chain and Independent Distributors, CincinnatiDrug, 43 pages December 30, 1933, SenQuality of Canned Vegetables and ate Document No. 95, Seventy-third Fruits (Under Brands of Manufactur- | Congress, second session.

1 The Commission published Chain Store System of Marketing and Distribution (Progress Report), May 12, 1930, printed as Senate Document No. 146, Seventy-first Congress, second session (6 pages).

Prices and Margins of Chain and In-Grocery Trade, 44 pages, November 14, dependent Distributors, Detroit-Drug, 1933, Senate Document No. 89, Sev51 pages, December 30, 1933, Senate enty-third Congress, second session. Document No. 96, Seventy-third Congress, second session.

Prices and Margins of Chain and In. dependent Distributors, Memphis Drug, 40 pages, December 30, 1933, Senate Document No. 97, Seventy-third Congress, second session.

Prices and Margins of Chain and Independent Distributors, Washington, D. C.-Drug, 40 pages, December 30, 1933, Senate Document No. 98, Seventy third Congress, second session.

Chain-Store Wages, 116 pages, July 15, 1933, Senate Document No. 82, Seventy-third Congress, second session.

Chain-Store Advertising, 89 pages, October 14, 1933, Senate Document No. 84, Seventy-third Congress, second session.

Chain-Store Price Policies, 146 pages, October 20, 1933, Senate Document No. 85, Seventy-third Congress second

session.

Special Discounts and Allowances to Chain and Independent DistributorsDrug Trade, 98 pages, November 24, 1933, Senate Document No. 94, Seventythird Congress, second session.

Invested Capital and Rates of Return of Retail Chains, 142 pages, October 29, 1933, Senate Document No. 87, Seventy-third Congress, second session.

Service Features in Chain Stores, 67 pages, November 20, 1933, Senate Document No. 91, Seventy-third Congress, second session.

The Chain Store in the Small Town, 112 pages, November 22, 1933, Senate Document No. 93, Seventy-third Congress, second session.

Miscellaneous Financial Results of Retail Chains, 93 pages, December 31, 1933, Senate Document No. 99, Seventythird Congress, second session.

State Distribution of Chain Stores, 1913-28, 55 pages, November 16, 1933, Senate Document No. 130, Seventythird Congress, second session. Final Report on the Chain-Store In

Special Discounts and Allowances to Chain and Independent DistributorsTobacco Trade, 118 pages, October 26, 1933, Senate Document No. 86, Seventy-vestigation, 110 pages (out of print), third Congress, second session. December 14, 1934, Senate Document

Special Discounts and Allowances to No. 4, Seventy-fourth Congress, first Chain and Independent Distributors-session.

Coal, Anthracite. This investigation was conducted pursuant to Senate Resolution No. 217, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, adopted June 22, 1916, and Senate Resolution No. 51, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session, adopted May 1, 1917. A rapid advance in the prices of anthracite at the mines, compared with costs, and the overcharging of anthracite jobbers and dealers, were disclosed in the inquiry in response to these resolutions. Current reports of operators' and retailers' selling prices were obtained, and this was believed to have substantially benefited the consumer. The preliminary report, Anthracite Coal Prices, was submitted to Congress May 4, 1917, and printed as Senate Document No. 19, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session (4 pages, out of print). The general report and summary, Anthracite and Bituminous Coal, was submitted to Congress June 19, 1917, and printed as a Commission publication and as Senate Document No. 50, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session (420 pages, out of print), and the summary was submitted to Congress separately, entitled Anthracite and Bituminous Coal Situation, and printed as House Document No. 193, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session (29 pages, out of print).

Coal, Anthracite. This inquiry, made on motion of the Commission, dealt with premium prices of anthracite coal charged by certain mine operators and the premium prices and gross profits of wholesalers in the latter part of 1923 and early in 1924. The report discussed also the development of the anthracite combination and the results of the Government's efforts to dissolve it. The Report of the Federal Trade Commission on Premium Prices of Anthracite (97 pages), dated July 6, 1925, was submitted to Congress and printed.

Coal, Bituminous. An inquiry was made on motion of the Commission. The reports on investment and profit in soft-coal mining were prepared and submitted to Congress in the belief that the information would be of timely value in consideration of pending legislation regarding the coal trade. The data cover the years 1916 to 1921, inclusive. Reports were submitted in two parts, dated May 31, 1922, and July 6, 1922, but published by the Commission in one volume, entitled "Investment and Profit in Soft Coal Mining." Part I. Summary and Conclusions; Part II. Explanatory and Statistical Material Supporting

Part I (222 pages), and by the Senate in two volumes as Senate Document No. 207, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session, Part I (10 pages) and Part II (208 pages).

Coal, Bituminous.—This inquiry was made pursuant to House Resolution No. 352, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, adopted August 18, 1916. The resolution called for an investigation of the alleged depressed condition of the industry, but subsequent to its adoption there was a marked advance in coal prices, and the Commission, in a preliminary report, suggested various measures for insuring a more adequate supply at reasonable prices. This report, entitled Preliminary Report by the Federal Trade Commission on the Production and Distribution of Bituminous Coal, was printed as House Document No. 152, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session (8 pages, out of print), May 19, 1917.

Coal Reports-Cost of Production.-This inquiry was made at the direction of President Wilson, who, prior to passage of the Lever Act in August 1917, called upon the Commission to furnish information to be used by him in fixing coal prices under that act. On the basis of the information furnished the prices of coal were fixed by Executive order. The work of the Commission in determining the cost of production of coal was continued by obtaining monthly reports. This information was compiled for use of the United States Fuel Administration in continuing the control of prices. Detailed cost records were collected from January 1917, through December 1918, for about 99 percent of the anthracite tonnage production and for about 95 percent of the bituminous coal production. This information was summarized, after the war, in a series of reports for the principal coal producing States or regions, which were all dated June 30, 1919, and printed as follows: Cost Reports of the Federal Trade Commission-Coal. No. 1. Pennsylvania-Bituminous (103 pages). No. 2. Pennsylvania-Anthracite (145 pages, out of print). No. 3. Illinois-Bituminous (127 pages). No. 4. Alabama, Tennessee, and KentuckyBituminous (210 pages). No. 5. Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan-Bituminous (288 pages). No. 6. Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia-Bituminous (286 pages). No. 7. Trans-Mississippi States-Bituminous (459 pages). (See also War-Time Cost Finding.)

Coal-Current Monthly Reports.-In December 1919, the Commission, provided with a special appropriation by Congress, initiated a system of current monthly returns from the soft-coal industry somewhat similar to those required from coal-producing companies during the war. An injunction to prevent the Commission from calling for such reports (denied about 7 years later) led to their abandonment. Processed reports of the results were published monthly regarding operations from January to June, inclusive, 1920, as follows: Bulletin No. 1 (January 1920 costs), April 20, 1920; Bulletin No. 2 (February 1920 costs), May 24, 1920; Bulletin No. 3 (March 1920 costs), June 25, 1920; Bulletin No. 4 (April 1920 costs), July 26, 1920; Bulletin No. 5 (May 1920 costs), August 25, 1920; Quarterly Report No. 1 (revised costsFirst Quarter of 1920), August 25, 1920; Quarterly Report No. 2 (revised costs-Second Quarter of 1920), December 6, 1920. (All out of print.)

Coal-Retail Situation.-An inquiry was made on motion of the Commission into the retail coal situation in Washington, D. C., and a processed release was issued on August 11, 1917, entitled “Washington, D. C., Retail Coal Situation" (5 pages, out of print).

Commercial Bribery.-An inquiry made on motion of the Commission into the prevalance of bribery of employees of customers as a method of obtaining trade was described in a Special Report on Commercial Bribery, dated May 15, 1918, submitted to Congress and printed as House Document No. 1107, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session (3 pages, out of print). The report contained recommendations for legislation striking at this practice. On August 22, 1918, a letter from the Commission to Senator Duncan U. Fletcher of Florida, in the nature of a report, discussed this subject and was printed under the title Commercial Bribery, as Senate Document (unnumbered), Sixty-fifth Congress, second session (36 pages, out of print). On March 18, 1920, a brief report was submitted to the Senate by the Commission, on its own motion, entitled Commercial Bribery, which was printed as Senate Document No. 258, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session (7 pages, out of print).

Cooperation in Foreign Countries. This investigation, initiated on motion of the Commission, involved inquiries made by the Commission regarding the cooperative movement in 15 European countries. The report, Cooperation in Foreign Countries (202 pages, out of print), dated December 2, 1924, was printed as

Senate Document No. 171, Sixty-eighth Congress, second session. It contained recommendations for further developments of cooperation in the United States. Cooperative Marketing. This inquiry was made pursuant to Senate Resolution No. 34, Sixty-ninth Congress, special session, adopted March 17, 1925. It covered the development of the cooperative movement in the United States and illegal interferences with the formation and operation of cooperatives. The report included a study of comparative costs, prices, and marketing practices as between cooperative marketing organizations and other types of marketers and distributors handling farm products. Entitled "Cooperative Marketing," the report was submitted to the Senate April 30, 1928, and printed as Senate Document No. 95, Seventieth Congress, first session (721 pages, out of print).

Copper. This inquiry was a part of the war-time work done at the direction of President Wilson. One of the first products for which the Government established a definite maximum price during the World War was copper. The information upon which the price was fixed was primarily the cost findings of the Federal Trade Commission, and a summary of this cost information was printed in a report entitled "Cost Reports of the Federal Trade Commission"-Copper (26 pages), issued June 30, 1919. (See also War-time Cost Finding.)

Cost of Living.-At the outbreak of the World War, the rapid rise of prices led the Commission, at the direction of President Wilson, to call a conference on April 30, 1917, to which official delegates of the various States were invited. The proceedings, entitled "The High Cost of Living," were subsequently printed (119 pages, out of print).

Cost of Living. This inquiry was made upon the request of President Roosevelt as contained in a published letter dated November 16, 1937, and a confidential report was submitted to him a few months thereafter. A resolution of the Commission, concerning its undertaking of the investigation, was adopted November 20, 1937.

Cotton Merchandising. This inquiry was made pursuant to Senate Resolution No. 252, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session, adopted June 7, 1924. The report discussed abuses in handling consigned cotton and made recommendations designed to correct or alleviate existing conditions. The report, Cotton Merchandising Practices, was submitted to the Senate January 20, 1925, and printed as Senate Document No. 194, Sixty-eighth Congress, second session (38 pages). Cottonseed Industry.-An inquiry was made pursuant to House Resolution No. 439, Sixty-ninth Congress, second session, adopted March 2, 1927. Alleged fixing of prices paid for cottonseed led to this investigation. The Commission found considerable evidence of cooperation among the State associations, but the evidence as a whole did not indicate that prices had been fixed in violation of the antitrust laws by those engaged in crushing or refining cottonseed. of the main causes of dissatisfaction to both the producer of cottonseed and those engaged in its purchase and manufacture was found to be a lack of a uniform system of grading. The report, Cottonseed Industry, was submitted to the House March 5, 1928, and printed as House Document No. 193, Seventieth Congress, first session (37 pages).

One

Cottonseed Industry.-An inquiry was made pursuant to Senate Resolution No. 136, Seventy-first Congress, first session, adopted October 21, 1929, and Senate Resolution 147, Seventy-first Congress, first session, adopted November 2, 1929. These resolutions instructed the Commission to investigate practices of corporations operating cottonseed-oil mills to determine the existence of unlawful combinations seeking to lower and fix prices of cottonseed, and seeking to sell cottonseed meal at a fixed price under boycott threat. The Commission was also directed to determine whether such corporations were acquiring control of cotton gins for the purpose of destroying competitive markets as well as for depressing or controlling prices paid to seed producers. The final report (207 pages) was submitted to the Senate on May 19, 1933. This report and twelve volumes covering hearings during the course of the investigation were printed as Senate Document No. 209, Seventy-first Congress, second session, under the general title, Investigation of Cottonseed Industry. A preliminary report dated February 28, 1930, was printed as Senate Document No. 91, Seventyfirst Congress, second session (4 pages, out of print).

Cotton Trade.-An inquiry was made pursuant to Senate Resolution No. 262, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session, adopted March 29, 1922. A preliminary report, Cotton Trade, discussed especially the causes of the decline in cotton prices in 1920-1922. The report was submitted to Congress February