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CHAPTER VI.

SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS.

Literacy-Conjugal condition-Visits abroad-Age classification of employees and members of their households-[Text Tables 50 to 60 and General Tables 35 to 44].

LITERACY.

The general literacy of the employees of the glove-manufacturing industry is set forth in the two tables which follow. The first table presented shows, by sex and general nativity and race, the percentage of employees for whom information was secured who were able to read and percentage who were able to both read and write.

TABLE 50.-Per cent of employees who read and per cent who read and write, by sex and general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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The above table shows that of the total number of persons reporting 99.3 per cent can read and 99.2 per cent can both read and write. The proportions of males able to read and to read and write are slightly greater than those of females. Both males and females who are native whites born of native father show 100 per cent who can read and write. The households native-born of foreign father report all the males and 98.8 per cent of the females as being able to read and write. The foreign-born show 99.5 per cent of males who can read as contrasted with 99 per cent who can both read and write and the females show 95.1 per cent who can read and write. Of the foreign-born the English show a greater degree of literacy among females than among males.

The following table shows, by sex, general nativity, and race of individual, the percentage of persons 10 years of age or over in the households studied who read and percentage who both read and write.

TABLE 51.-Per cent of persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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In the total number of persons reporting complete data in the above table the proportions of males and females are almost equal. Ninety-seven and five-tenths per cent of this number are able to read, the proportion of males who can read being somewhat higher than that of females. It is further seen that 97.3 per cent can both read and write, the percentage of males being higher than that of females. Native persons born of native father show a greater proportion of their number able to read and write than do the foreignborn, females in each case showing smaller proportions who are literate than do the males. Of the foreign-born races all except Hebrews, Irish, and South Italians show 100 per cent of both males and females who can read. South Italians show only 75 per cent of their females able to read and write. English, French, and Slovaks show 100 per cent of persons who can both read and write, followed by Hebrews, Germans, Irish, and South Italians in the order named and in smaller proportions.

The percentage of foreign-born persons who read or read and write after designated periods of residence in this country may be seen from the next table presented. This table shows, by years in the United States and race of individual, the per cent of foreignborn persons 10 years of age or over who read and the per cent who both read and write.

TABLE 52.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by years in the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born. By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

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Of the total of 562 individuals reporting complete data in the above table, over 95 per cent and under 98 per cent of those with each specified period of residence in the United States read and write some language. As regards those with ability to read, as well as both to read and write, the South Italian is the only race which shows a proportion who can neither read nor write in the under 5 and from 5 to 9 years' periods of residence, while the German and South Italian are the only races showing a proportion of those with a period of residence of ten years or over who can read, but can not write.

The literacy of the foreign-born persons according to their ages at the time of arrival in this country is set forth in the table next presented. This table shows the percentage of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over, in the households studied, who could read and the percentage who could both read and write, by race and age of individual at the time of coming to the United States.

TABLE 53.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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Of a total of 562 individuals reporting complete data in the above table, it is seen that all of those who were under 14 years of age at time of coming to the United States read and write. Of those who were 14 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States, 95.8 per cent read and 95.3 per cent both read and write.

CONJUGAL CONDITION.

The conjugal condition of the employees of the glove-manufacturing industry is studied in the series of tables next submitted. The first table presented shows, by sex and general nativity and race, the per cent of employees 20 years of age or over, for whom information was secured, who were in each conjugal condition.

TABLE 54.-Per cent of employees 20 years of age or over in each conjugal condition, by sex and general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Of a total of 776 employees studied in the preceding table, 63.1 per cent are married; 29.4 per cent single and 7.5 per cent widowed. The foreign-born show a larger proportion than the native-born of native father, who in turn show a larger proportion than the nativeborn of foreign father, who are married, while the native-born of foreign father show a larger proportion than the native-born of native

father, a group which in turn shows a larger proportion than the foreign-born who are single. The same positions are maintained by the different nativity groups as regards those who are widowed. A comparison between the males and females shows that there is a smaller proportion of single men than women, and a larger proportion of men than women who are married, although the proportion of widows is considerably larger than the proportion of widowers, in each nativity group.

The table next presented further classifies the totals of the one preceding and shows the percentage of employees for whom information was secured who were in each conjugal condition, by general nativity and race and by age groups.

TABLE 55.-Per cent of employees in each conjugal condition, by sex, age groups, and general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 200 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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