The foregoing table shows the greatest proportion of households occupying apartments of 5, 6, and 7 or more rooms, the percentage occupying apartments of 2, 3, and 4 rooms being very small. Foreignborn show small percentages of their households occupying apartments of 2, 3, and 4 rooms, no households of native birth occupying apartments of this size. The foreign-born also show a slightly higher percentage of households occupying apartments of 5 and 6 rooms than do the native-born of native father. The native-born of native father show a very much higher percentage of households occupying apartments of 7 or more rooms than do the foreign-born. Of the foreign-born races French alone show a small percentage of households occupying apartments of 2 rooms. Slovaks show a very much greater proportion of households in apartments of 3 rooms than any of the other races. It is particularly noticeable that the older immigrant races show a higher percentage of households in apartments of a large number of rooms than the more recent immigrants.

SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table exhibits the range in size of households py showing, according to general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of households of each specified number of persons:

TABLE 44.-Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household.

The above table shows that the greatest proportion of households are composed of 2, 3, and 4 persons, somewhat lower per cents of households are made up of 5 and 6 persons, while the proportions composed of 7 or more persons are comparatively small. The native-born of native father report a higher percentage of households composed of 2, 3, and 4 persons than do the foreign-born, while the latter show small proportions composed of 8, 9, and 10 or more persons as contrasted with no households grouped as native-born of native father and containing this number of persons. French report the highest percentage of households composed of 2 persons and South Italians the lowest

per cent of households of that size. Germans and Slovaks report the greatest proportion of their households as composed of 3 persons and Irish and German their highest percentage of households of 4 persons. South Italians, Irish, and Hebrews alone show proportions of households composed of 10 or more persons.

CONGESTION.

The extent to which crowding prevails in the households of employees of the glove-manufacturing industry has been indicated in preceding tables. The degree of congestion and its effect upon living arrangements is more directly indicated in the following series of tabulations. The first table presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons in apartments of each specified number of rooms.

TABLE 45.-Average number of persons in apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

General nativity and race of head of household.

Average number of persons in apartments of each specified number of rooms.

The above table shows more congested conditions to exist in small apartments than in apartments with a large number of rooms. The average number of persons per apartment is 4.23, foreign-born showing a considerably higher average number of persons per apartment than do the native-born of native father. Of the foreign-born races, South Italians show the highest average number of persons per apartment and French the lowest.

In the table following the average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room is shown according to general nativity and race of head of household.

TABLE 46.-Average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

a Not including 1 household not reporting number of sleeping rooms.

In a total of 262 households studied in the above table there is an average of 4.23 persons per apartment, 0.71 person per room, and 1.73 persons per sleeping room. The foreign-born report a higher average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room than do the native-born. Of the foreign-born races, the South Italian reports the highest average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room.

The next table presented shows the persons per room.

TABLE 47.-Persons per room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

The above table shows the average number of persons to be 71 per 100 rooms; 29.8 per cent of the households have 1 or more persons per room and 1.1 per cent have 2 or more persons per room. The foreign-born report 74 persons per 100 rooms as compared with 54

persons per 100 rooms in households of native-born persons of native father. The foreign-born show 33.2 per cent of households having 1 or more persons per room as contrasted with only 3.3 per cent of households classed as native-born of native father having the same number of persons per room. The foreign-born also show a small proportion of households having 2 or more persons per room, while persons native-born of native father show no households having 2 or more persons per room. Of the foreign-born races, South Italians show the highest average number of persons per room and Germans the lowest. While South Italians show the highest percentage of households having 1 or more persons per room and English the lowest, none of the older immigrant races show any households having 2 or more persons per room.

The following table exhibits the range in number of persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household."

TABLE 48.-Persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

a Not including 1 household not reporting number of sleeping rooms.

The preceding table shows the average number of persons per sleeping room to be 173 persons per 100 sleeping rooms. The foreign-born show 178 persons per 100 sleeping rooms as compared with 141 persons per 100 sleeping rooms in households which are native-born of native father. The foreign-born show a considerably higher percentage of households having 2 or more persons per sleeping room than do the households reported as native-born of native father, the latter showing no households having 3 or more persons per sleeping room. Of the foreign-born races the greatest congestion in sleeping rooms is noted in households of the more recently arrived immigrants, i. e., the South Italians and Slovaks. South Italians show the highest per cent of households having each specified number of persons per sleeping room, while English, French, Irish, and German show only small proportions of households having more than 2 persons per sleeping room.

The final table of the series, which is next submitted, indicates the effect upon living arrangements of congestion within the households studied, by showing, according to general nativity and race of head of household, the number and percentage of households regularly sleeping in all except each specified number of rooms.

TABLE 49.-Number and per cent of households regularly sleeping in all except each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

a Not including 1 household not reporting number of sleeping rooms.

In the 262 households studied in the foregoing table there is an average of 5.93 rooms each, and an average of 2.43 rooms per household are used for sleeping purposes. The nativity groups show approximately the same average number of rooms, as well as sleeping rooms, per household. The Germans show an average of 6.93 rooms per household and the English 6.88, the races of recent immigration, the South Italians and Slovaks, showing the smaller average number of sleeping rooms per household and the older immigrant races the larger. As regards the percentage of households using all except each specified number of rooms to sleep in, it is seen that none use all rooms; 2.3 use all except 1 room; and 10.3 per cent all except 2 rooms. These proportions are made up entirely of foreign-born heads of households, the native-born heads of households using all except 3 or more rooms to sleep in.