The table next presented shows, by race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons in the households studied who had been in the United States each specified number of years:

TABLE 13.-Per cent of foreign-born persons in the United States each specified number of years, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 20 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of a total of 603 individuals, 24.2 per cent have been in the United States under five years, 49.3 per cent under ten years, and 82.1 per cent under twenty years. The Hebrews show the largest proportion but the Irish report none with a period of residence under five years, the same races showing the largest and smallest proportions, respectively, with a period of residence under ten years. The Slovak, followed by the South Italian and Hebrew, reports the smallest and the Irish, preceded by the German and French, the largest proportion with a period of residence of twenty years or

more.

RACIAL CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AT THE PRESENT TIME.

The racial composition of the operating forces of the industry at the present time is indicated by the table following, which shows, by sex, the number and percentage of employees of each race for whom information was secured.

TABLE 14.-Employees for whom information was secured, by sex and general nativity and race.

Information was secured for a total of 908 persons in the glovemanufacturing industry, the sexes reporting in equal number. Of the males the largest proportion are foreign-born, followed by native whites born of native father and native-born of foreign father, in the order named, while the entire proportion of native-born negroes are females. Of the females the largest proportion are white nativeborn of native father, followed by the foreign-born and the nativeborn of foreign father in the order named, and the smallest proportion are native-born negroes. The proportion of foreign-born males, by race, ranges from 18.3 per cent, as shown by the English, to none, as shown by the Norwegian, Scotch, Slovak, and Slovenian, while the proportion of females ranges from 6.4 per cent, as shown by the English, to none, as shown by the French Canadian, Danish, Hebrew other than Russian, Magyar, Roumanian, and Syrian,

CHAPTER III.

ECONOMIC STATUS.

Industrial condition abroad of members of immigrant households studied-General occupation of males at the present time in the households studied-General occupation of women at the present time in the households studied-Weekly earnings Annual earnings of male heads of families studied-Annual earnings of males 18 years of age or over in the households studied-Annual earnings of females 18 years of age or over in the households studied-Annual family income-Wives at workRelation between the earnings of husbands and the practice of wives of keeping boarders or lodgers-Sources of family income-Relative importance of the different sources of family income-[Text Tables 15 to 34 and General Tables 6 to 21].

INDUSTRIAL CONDITION ABROAD OF MEMBERS OF IMMIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

Before entering into a discussion of the economic status of employees of the glove-manufacturing industry, the industrial condition while abroad of foreign-born employees and members of their households is set forth. The first table submitted in this connection shows, by race of individual, the industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming to this country.

TABLE 15.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

The preceding table shows 6.4 per cent of the total number of males reporting without occupation before coming to the United States, 74.9 per cent were working for wages, 11.1 per cent were working without wages, and 7.7 per cent were working for profit. Hebrews

show a very high percentage without occupation before coming to the United States, Irish, English, and South Italian in the order named show small proportions, and French, Germans, and Slovaks show no males without occupation before coming to this country. French show the highest percentage and Slovaks the lowest percentage of males who worked for wages before coming to the United States. Irish and Slovaks show large proportions working without wages before coming to this country, while South Italians show a very small percentage and Hebrews, Germans, French, and English show no males working without wages before coming to this country. Slovaks show a very high percentage when compared with the other races who worked for profit, and South Italians no males who worked for profit before coming to this country.

The following table shows, by race of individual, the occupation before arrival in the United States of foreign-born males in the ⚫ households studied who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming to this country:

TABLE 16.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

Of the total number of males reporting, 6.4 per cent were without occupation, 60.9 per cent were in the glove industry, 5.5 per cent were farm laborers, 1.7 per cent were in hand trades and 0.4 per cent were general laborers. Of those working without wages the greatest proportion were farm laborers and of those working for profit the greatest proportion were farmers. Hebrews report the highest percentage of males without occupation before coming to the United States, Irish and Slovaks the greatest proportion who were farm laborers, and English and South Italians a very high percentage who were engaged in the glove industry in Europe before coming to this country. Irish show a very low percentage of males who had any previous experience in the glove industry, and no Slovaks were employed in this work before coming to the United States.

In the following table the industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born females in the households studied who

were 16 years of age or over at time of coming is shown according to race of individual:

TABLE 17.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at the time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The above table shows that 71.6 per cent of the females reporting complete data were without occupation before coming to the United States, 27.9 per cent worked for wages, and 0.5 per cent worked without wages. Hebrews show the highest percentage of females without occupation, followed by French, South Italians, Slovaks, and Germans in the order mentioned. Germans show the highest percentage of females working for wages before coming to the United States, and Hebrews the smallest proportion. Germans alone show a small proportion of females working without wages before coming to the United States.

The next table presented shows, by race of individual, the occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born females in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming.

TABLE 18.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]