PART II-THE BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN THE

EAST.

GENERAL SURVEY.

CHAPTER I.-Introduction:

Table 92.-Employees for whom information was secured, by sex and general nativity and race. (Study of employees)..... CHAPTER II.-Racial displacements:

Page.

325, 326

Table 93.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race. (Study of employees)... 327,328 Table 94.-Employees for whom information was secured, by sex and general nativity and race. (Study of employees).....

330

CHAPTER III.-Economic status:

Table 95.-Per cent of foreign-born_male employees in each specified occupation before coming to the United States, by race. (Study of employees)...

Table 96.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race. (Study of employees)..

333

334, 335

Table 97.-Per cent of female employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race. (Study of employees).

Table 98.-Per cent of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race. (Study of employees)...

Table 99.-Per cent of female employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race. (Study of employees)...

Table 100.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by race and length of residence in the United States. (Study of employees)..

Table 101.-Comparative earnings per week of foreign-born male employees 18 years of age or over, by race and length of residence in the United States. (Study of employees).......

CHAPTER IV.-Salient characteristics:

336

337

338

339

340

343

Table 102.-Per cent of employees who read and per cent who read and write, by sex and general nativity and race. (Study of employees)..... Table 103.-Per cent of employees 20 years of age or over in each conjugal condition, by sex and general nativity and race. (Study of employees). 344, 345 Table 104.-Per cent of employees in each conjugal condition by sex and age groups, and by general nativity and race. (Study of employees).. 346, 347 Table 105.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and per cent who report wife abroad, by race of husband. (Study of employees)...

Table 106.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad, by
race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States.
(Study of employees)..

Table 107.-Visits abroad made by foreign-born employees, by sex, years
in the United States, and race. (Study of employees)....
Table 108.-Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and gen-
eral nativity and race. (Study of employees)..

CHAPTER V.-General progress and assimilation:

348

349

350

351, 352

Table 109.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees
who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21
years of age at time of coming, by race. (Study of employees)......
Table 110.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees
who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States,
by years in the United States and race. (Study of employees)...
Table 111.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex
and race. (Study of employees)..

Table 112.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by
sex, age at time of coming to the United States, and race. (Study of
employees)....

355

356

357

358

REPRESENTATIVE COMMUNITY A.

CHAPTER VI.-Introduction:

Table 114.-Households studied, by general nativity and race of head of
household. (Study of households)..
Table 115.-Persons in households studied and persons for whom detailed
information was secured, by general nativity and race of head of house-
hold. (Study of households)....

Page.

362

362,363

Table 116.-Sex of persons for whom detailed information was secured, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households)..

Table 117.-Persons for whom detailed information was secured, by sex and general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)... Table 118.-Employees for whom information was secured, by sex and general nativity and race. (Study of employees)................

CHAPTER VII.-Racial displacements:

Table 119.-Population of Community A by country of birth, in years in which State census was taken..

363

364

365

367, 368

Table 120.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race. (Study of employees)............. Table 121.-Per cent of foreign-born persons in the United States each specified number of years, by race of individual. (Study of households). Table 122.-Employees for whom information was secured, by sex and general nativity and race. (Study of employees)....... CHAPTER VIII.-Economic status:

369

370

371

Table 123.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual. (Study of households)...

373

Table 124. Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual. (Study of households).

374

Table 125.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual. (Study of households).

375

Table 126.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual. (Study of households)..

Table 127.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in each specified occupation before coming to the United States, by race. (Study of employees)....

376

377

Table 128.-General occupation of males 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)...

378

Table 129.-General occupation of females 16 years of age or over, by gen-
eral nativity and race of individual. (Study of households).
Table 130. Per cent of males 16 years of age or over engaged in the manu-
facture of boots and shoes, by general nativity and race of father and by
birthplace of individual. (Study of households)....

379

380

Table 131.-Number of employees in each specified department, by race of individual-Company No. 1..

380

Table 132.-Number of employees in each specified department, by race of individual-Company No. 2

381

Table 133.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race. (Study of employees)..

381

Table 134.-Per cent of female employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race. (Study of employees)...

Table 135.-Per cent of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race. (Study of employees)....

Table 136.-Per cent of female employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race. (Study of employees)....

382

383

383

Table 137.-Husbands at work, by general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)...

384

Table 138.-Earnings per year of male heads of families, by general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)..

385

CHAPTER VIII.-Economic status-Continued.

Table 139.-Yearly earnings (approximate) of males 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)..... Table 140.-Yearly earnings (approximate) of females 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households).. Table 141.-Per cent of females 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount (approximate) per year, by general nativity. (Study of households)..

Table 142.-Per cent of families having a total yearly income of each speci-
fied amount, by general nativity and race of head of family. (Study of
households)..

Table 143.-Wives at work, by general nativity and race of head of family
(Study of households)..
Table 144.-Number of families in which wife has employment or keeps
boarders or lodgers, by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativity
and race of head of family. (Study of households)..

Table 145.-Per cent of families in which wife has employment or keeps
boarders or lodgers, by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativity
and race of head of family. (Study of households)..
Table 146.-Per cent of families having an income within the year from
husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources, by gen-
eral nativity and race of head of family. (Study of households)...
Table 147.-Source of family income in detail, by general nativity and race
of head of family. (Study of households)..

Table 148.-Per cent of total family income within the year from husband,
wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources, by general nativity
and race of head of family. (Study of households).

CHAPTER IX.-Working conditions:

Page.

386

387

387

388

389

390

390

391

392

394

Table 149.-Months worked during the past year by males 16 years of age or over employed away from home, by general nativity and race of ind:vidual. (Study of households)..

397

Table 150.-Months worked during the past year by females 16 years of age or over employed away from home, by general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)..

398

Table 151.-Affiliation with trade unions of males 21 years of age or over working for wages, by general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)...

399

CHAPTER X.-Housing and living conditions:

Table 152.-Average rent per month, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households)...

Table 153.-Per cent of households paying each specified rent per month per apartment, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households).

Table 154.-Per cent of households paying each specified rent per month per room by general nativity aand race of head of household. (Study of households)..

Table 155.-Per cent of households paying each specified rent per month per person, by general nativity and race of head of household. * (Study of households)..

Table 156.-Number and per cent of households keeping boarders or lodgers, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households)..

Table 157.-Average number of boarders or lodgers per household, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households). Table 158.-Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households).

Table 159.-Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households).. Table 160.-Average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households)...

401

402

403

405

406

407

408

410

411

Table 161.-Persons per room, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households).

412

Table 162.-Persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households)...

413

48296°-VOL 12-11-49

CHAPTER X.-Housing and living conditions-Continued.
Table 163.-Number and per cent of households regularly in all except
each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of
household. (Study of households)..
CHAPTER XI.-Salient characteristics:

Page.

414

Table 164.-Per cent of employees who read and per cent who read and write, by sex and general nativity and race. (Study of employees).... Table 165.-Per cent of persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by sex and general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)...

Table 166.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by years in the United States and race of individual. (Study of households)..

417

418

419

420

421

Table 167.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual. (Study of households). Table 168.-Per cent of employees 20 years of age or over in each conjugal condition, by sex and general nativity and race. (Study of employees).. Table 169.-Per cent of employees in each conjugal condition, by sex, and age groups, and by general nativity and race. (Study of employees).. 422, 423 Table 170.-Per cent of persons in each conjugal condition, by sex and age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)..

425, 426

Table 171.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and per cent who report wife abroad, by race of husband. (Study of households).

Table 172.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States. (Study of households).

427

427

428

Table 173.-Visits abroad made by foreign-born employees, by sex, years in the United States, and race. (Study of employees).. Table 174.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households)....... 429, 430 Table 175.-Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and general nativity and race. (Study of employees)...

431, 432

Table 176.-Number and per cent of persons involved in cases assisted in
Community A, by general nativity and race of head of case..

CHAPTER XII.-General progress and assimilation:

Table 177.-Number and per cent of families owning home, by general nativity and race of head of family. (Study of households).

433

435

436

437

437, 438

Table 178.-Number and per cent of total pupils in school in Community
A, by general nativity and race of father of pupil.....
Table 179.-Number and per cent of children 6 and under 16 years of age
at home, at school, and at work, by general nativity and race of father
and by birthplace of child. (Study of households)....
Table 180.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who
have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of
age or over at time of coming, by race. (Study of employees)...
Table 181.-Present political condition of foreign-born males who have been
in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over
at time of coming, by race of individual. (Study of households)..
Table 182.-Per cent of persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by
sex and general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)..
Table 183.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex
and race. (Study of employees)...

Table 184.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who
speak English, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of
individual. (Study of households)..

Table 185.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by years in the United States and race of individual. (Study of households)..

Table 186.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex, age at time of coming to the United States, and race. (Study of employees).

438

439

440

440

441

442

Table 187.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex, years in the United States, and race. (Study of employees).

443

REPRESENTATIVE COMMUNITY B.

CHAPTER XIII.-Introduction:

Table 188.-Households studied, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households).

Table 189.-Persons in households studied and persons for whom detailed information was secured, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households)

Page.

445

446

447

Table 190.-Sex of persons for whom detailed information was secured, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households).. Table 191.-Persons for whom detailed information was secured, by sex and general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)...... 447, 448 CHAPTER XIV.-Racial displacements:

Table 192.-Population of Community B, in years in which a State census was taken, by country of birth.....

Table 193.-Per cent of foreign-born persons in the United States each specified number of years, by race of individual. (Study of households).. CHAPTER XV.-Economic status:

449, 450

Table 194.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of
foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by
race of individual. (Study of households)..
Table 195.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born
males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of
individual. (Study of households)

Table 196.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of
foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming,
by sex and race of individual. (Study of households)....
Table 197.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-
born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by
race of individual. (Study of households)..

452

455

456

457

457

Table 198.-General occupation of males 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households).

458

Table 199.-General occupation of females 16 years of age or over, by
general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)..
Table 200.-Per cent of males 16 years of age or over engaged in the manu-
facture of shoes, by general nativity and race of father and by birth-
place of individual. (Study of households)..

459

460

Table 201.-Number of employees in each specified occupation, by race of

individual..

460

Table 202.-Number of employees in each specified department, by race of individual.....

461

Table 203.-Husbands at work, by general nativity and race of individual (Study of households)..

461

462

Table 204.-Earnings per year of male heads of families, by general nativ-
ity and race of individual. (Study of households)..
Table 205.-Yearly earnings (approximate) of males 18 years of age or
over, by general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households).
Table 206.-Yearly earnings (approximate) of females 18 years of age or over,
by general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)..
Table 207.-Per cent of families having a total yearly income of each
specified amount, by general nativity and race of head of family. (Study
of households)..........

Table 208.-Wives at work, by general nativity and race of head of family.
(Study of households)..

Table 209.-Number of families in which wife has employment or keeps boarders or lodgers, by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativity and race of head of family. (Study of households).

463

464

465

466

467

Table 210.-Per cent of families in which wife has employment or keeps
boarders or lodgers, by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativ-
ity and race of head of family. (Study of households).
Table 211.-Per cent of families having an income within the year from
husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources, by
general nativity and race of head of family. (Study of households).
Table 212.-Source of family income in detail, by general nativity and
race of head of family. (Study of households)..

467

468

469

Table 213.-Per cent of total family income within the year from husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources, by general nativity and race of head of family. (Study of households).

470