bands of German parentage are somewhat higher than the average yearly earnings of the husbands of Irish parentage. Of the foreignborn husbands, the German and Irish husbands showing average yearly earnings of over $600, the South Italian husbands average yearly earnings of over $400, while the Lithuanian, Polish, and Slovak husbands show average yearly earnings of less than $400.

The range in annual earnings of male heads of families is set forth in the following table according to general nativity and race of husband:

TABLE 38.-Earnings per year of male heads of families, by general nativity and race of individual.

3

Grand total..

285

511

2 5 93 213 260 274

.7 1.832.6 74.7

91.2 96.1

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

The preceding table shows the average earnings of 285 male heads of selected families is $511 per year. Only 0.7 per cent of this number earn under $100 per year, 1.8 per cent earn under $200, 32.6 per cent earn under $400, 74.7 per cent earn under $600, 91.2 per cent earn under $800, and 96.1 per cent earn under $1,000. The male heads of families who are native whites born of native father show a higher percentage than those of foreign birth earning under $100 and under $200 per year, while none of the native-born of foreign father earn under these amounts. The heads of families who are of foreign birth show a higher per cent earning under $400 and under $600 than either the heads of families who are native-born of foreign father or those who are native-born whites of native father, who follow in the order named in considerably smaller proportions. The heads of families who are of foreign birth also show a higher percentage than the heads of families who are native whites born of native father and those who are native-born of foreign father, which follow in the order named and who earn under $800 and under $1,000 per year. Of the heads of families who are native-born of foreign father those of

Irish parentage show a higher percentage than
parentage earning under $400, while the latter sh
centage than the former earning under $600, under
$1,000 per year. Of the male heads of families of
Poles show small proportions earning under $100 an
year as contrasted with none of the South Italian,
German heads of families earning under these amo
heads of families show the highest per cent and the
families the lowest per cent earning under $400
while the Polish and South Italian heads of famil
cent, and the German and Irish heads of fami
smaller percentages earning under $800 and under $

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF MALES 18 YEARS OF AGE
HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

In the table next submitted, the average and earnings of all males, in the households studied, w of age or over, are shown by general nativity and rac TABLE 39.-Yearly earnings (approximate) of males 18 years of nativity and race of individual.

earnings. In- Un- Un- In

der der der der $200. $400. $600. $1,000

Not computed, owing to small number involved.

Of 753 male employees 18 years of age or over who wages and reported amount, 17.4 per cent earn unde 52.9 per cent earn under $400, 86.6 per cent earn unde per cent earn under $1,000, the average earnings per The male employees who are native-born of foreign fa age yearly earnings of $569, as contrasted with the earnings of the males who are native-born whites

which are $550, and those of the male employees who are of foreign birth, which are $404 per year. The foreign-born male employees show the highest percentage earning under each specified amount per year, and the male employees who are native whites born of native father show a higher percentage earning under $200 and under $1,000 than the male employees who are native-born of foreign father. The latter, however, show a higher per cent than the former, earning under $400 and under $600 per year. Of the native-born of foreign father the employees of Irish parentage show higher average yearly earnings than the employees of German parentage, the latter showing a higher percentage than the former earning under $200, under $600, and under $1,000 per year, while the former shows a higher percentage earning under $400. Of the foreign-born employees the Irish show average yearly earnings of $648, the Germans $582, and the Greeks. $430. The Slovak employees, the Lithuanians, the Poles, and the South Italians show average yearly earnings of from $369 to $389 per year; the Turkish employees show average yearly earnings of less than $300. The Turkish employees show the highest percentage earning under $200 and under $400 per year, none of the Irish or Slovak employees earn under the first-mentioned amount, and only 10.5 per cent of the Irish earn under the amount last mentioned. The Slovak employees show 100 per cent and the German employees only 51.4 per cent carning under $600 per year. The Turkish employees, the Slovaks, the Poles, and the South Italians show 100 per cent earning under $1,000, while the German and Irish employees show 97.1 and 92.1 per cent, respectively, earning under the above-mentioned

amount.

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF FEMALES 18 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER IN THE
HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the yearly earnings of all females in the households studied who were 18 years of age or over and who were working for wages: TABLE 40.— Yearly earnings (approximate) of females 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

9

In the series of tabulations which are next prese amount and range of annual family income are stud the different sources of family income and their rel The following table, which is the first submitted i shows, by general nativity and race of head of fami families having a total yearly income of each specif

TABLE 41.-Per cent of families having a total yearly income of ea general nativity and race of head of family.

$1

The average yearly income of 287 families shown i is $671. Of the total number of families studied 5. total yearly income of under $300, 38.3 per cent of

cent of under $750, 84 per cent under $1,000, have a total yearly income of under $1,500. The fan are of foreign birth show the highest per cent havi yearly income up to and including that under $7 whose heads are native-born of foreign father sh those whose heads are native whites born of nativ cent, and the families whose heads are foreign-bor cent having a total yearly income of under $1,50 whose heads are native-born of foreign father show a income of $810, those whose heads are native white father have an average family income of $715, and t heads are of foreign birth have an average yearly Of the families the heads of which are native-born those whose heads are of German parentage show percentage than the families whose heads are of having a total yearly income of under $300. Th heads are of Irish parentage show a higher per cent of under $500 and under $750 per year than the fam

the average ogether wi importance.

connection. per cent of mount:

fied amount, y

are for all ras

otal income

nder Code
,000.
$1.50.

92.6

are of German parentage. The families whose heads are of German parentage show a higher percentage having an income of under $1,000 than the families whose heads are of Irish parentage; both the families the heads of which are of Irish and of German parentage show 100 per cent having an income of under $1,500, the latter showing an average family income of $796 and the former an income of $822. Of the families the heads of which are of foreign birth, those whose heads are Poles and South Italians show a considerably higher per cent having a total income under each specified amount than the households the heads of which are Irish and Germans. None of the families the heads of which are of the two races last mentioned have an income of less than $300. The families the heads of which are Germans and Irish show average family income of $1,035 and $954, respectively, as contrasted with the families whose heads are South Italians and Poles having average yearly family income of $578 and $497, respectively.

WIVES AT WORK.

The extent to which the wives of the families studied were regularly employed for wages outside the home is shown in the following table according to general nativity and race of head of family:

Table 42.—Wives at work, by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

bove table
ent have a
$500, 704
5 per cent
hose heads
a specified
e families
per cent.

r 96.3 per
95.8 per

e families
age family
of native
lies whose
of $634.

gn father
tly higher
parentage
es whose
an income
ose heads

Native-born of native father, White..

Native-born of foreign father, by race of father:
German...

Irish.

Foreign-born:

Armenian.

German..
Greek..
Irish.

Italian, South.
Lithuanian.

Polish..
Slovak.

Grand total..

Total native-born of foreign father..

Total native-born..

Total foreign-born...

a For selection of families, see p. 116.
Not computed, owing to small number involved.

343

Of the 281 wives in the households studied, only 2.5 per cent are at work, the foreign-born reporting 1.4 per cent, as compared with 6.4 per cent of the native-born of foreign father and 3.7 per cent of the native whites born of native father. Among the foreign-born it will be noted that none of the Germans, Irish, or South Italians, and only 2.2 per cent of the Poles are at work, while of the native-born of foreign father, the Germans show '9.5 per cent, as compared with 3.8 per cent of the Irish, the proportion of the Irish native-born of foreign father being slightly in excess of the proportion of native white wives at work.