occupation who were cates:

= females vio al.

s for all forric

Per cent t, working in │prudt

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION OF IMMIGRANT EMPLOYEES BEFORE COMING
TO THE UNITED STATES.

The table which immediately follows sets forth, by race, the percentage of foreign-born male employees for whom information was received who were in each specified occupation before coming to the United States:

TABLE 25.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in each specified occupation before coming to the United States, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

it. It is h Italian.

in which or wages he South laborers. slightly

ng those · than as nd South ely low.

show s

Of the 6,700 male employees in this industry, 58.1 per cent were engaged in farming or farm labor prior to coming to the United States. Only 6 per cent were engaged in the industry in which they are now employed and 5.8 per cent in other manufacturing. Of the remainder, 23 per cent were engaged in general labor, hand trades, and trade, and 7 per cent in occupations not specified. Each race, except the German, Greek, and South Italian, shows over 50 per cent of their number to have been either farmers or employed as farm laborers, while the German is the only race showing as high as 10 per cent to have been engaged in the leather industry. It should be noted that the Greeks, as compared with the other races, show a higher proportion who were engaged in trade.

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF MALES AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE
HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

In order to make possible a direct comparison of the industrial status of the immigrant employees in the leather industry in this country with their industrial training and experience abroad, tabulations are presented which exhibit the general occupation of the male and female members of the households studied at the present 48296°-VOL 12-11-4

Per

Otherwise employed

28.8

28.6

19.0

10.8

7.1

35.7

.0

Of the 974 males for whom information was secur are in the leather industry, 14.6 per cent otherwise en cent at home, and only a fraction of 1 per cent at s portion of individuals employed in the leather indus the foreign-born, second largest for the native-born and smallest for the native-born of native father, w tion otherwise employed is largest for the native-born somewhat smaller for the native-born of foreign fa much smaller for the foreign-born. A much larger per cent, of the foreign-born than of the native-born 3.4 per cent, are at home. None of the native-born are so reported. Of the foreign-born, the Slovaks, mans have the largest and the South Italians the sma of individuals in the leather industry, while none of t a much larger proportion of South Italians than of of any other race are otherwise employed, and no Germans, or Slovaks and a much larger proportion than of the South Italians or Poles are at home.

of individual

in the house

=ral nativity and

, are for all

ome. At scho

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF WOMEN AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE
HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table following shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the general occupation of females 16 years of age or over in the households studied:

TABLE 27.—General occupation of females 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

ed, 8.7 per The pro largest for gn father

e propor ve father,

and very tion, 102 ve father, gn father

and Gerroportion vaks and dividuals the Irish,

he Turks

From the data presented in the above table it appears that 81.4 per cent of the females 16 years of age or over for whom information was secured, are at home, and that 13.2 per cent are in employments not specified, and only a very small proportion in domestic and personal service, in trade, or at school. The proportion of individuals at home is largest for the foreign-born, second largest for the native-born of native father, and smallest for the native-born of foreign father, while the proportion of individuals in employments not specified is much larger for the native-born of foreign father and the native-born of native father than for the foreign-born. Of the foreign-born the Irish have the largest and the Germans the smallest proportion of individuals reported at home.

THE FIRST AND SECOND GENERATIONS COMPARED.

The table next submitted affords a basis for comparing the general industrial tendencies of the first and second generations in the households studied, which shows, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of individual, the percentage of males 16 years of age or over in the households studied who were in the leather industry.

TABLE 28.-Per cent of males 16 years of age or over engaged in general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of [This table includes only races with 20 or more males born in the United State abroad. The native-born of native father are shown for comparat

Number employed

49

37

41

42

The preceding table shows that of those born in t whose fathers are native-born whites, 70.2 per cent an leather industry, leaving 29.8 per cent who are oth Practically the same proportion of those born in th whose fathers are German are so engaged, while th of German fathers show a larger proportion engage industry. The proportion of those native-born of I are employed in the leather industry is slightly sm born abroad of German fathers or those born abroad who show the maximum proportion employed industry.

OCCUPATIONS ENTERED IN THE INDUST

The occupations entered by recent immigrants & entered by older immigrant employees and nativ England tanning and finishing establishments are following tables. These companies which are repres situation in New England are designated as compani TABLE 29.-Number of employees in specified departments and occ individual Company No. 1.

TABLE 30.-Number of employees in each specified department, by race of individual

Company No. 2.

NO.3 92.9

Tanning house.

55

Seasoning room.

2

39

nited States aged in the employed ited States orn abroad the leather

athers who

Drying room..
Shaving room.
Beaming room.
Staking room.
Glazing room..
Oiling room.
Machine fixers.
Black kid room a.
Shipping room..

Total...

15

;220523

4

6

2

7

5

than those

sh fathers! le leather

as those two New th in the ve of the . 1 and 2.

5, by race of

a Handling finished product.

WEEKLY EARNINGS.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of male employees who were 18 years of age or over and who were earning each specified amount each week:

TABLE 31.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Per cent earning each specified amount per week.

Lithuanain.

63

This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.