RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME.

The extent to which the families studied depend upon the designated sources of income is set forth in the table next submitted, which shows, by general nativity and race of head of family, the percentage of total yearly income from husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources.

TABLE 148.-Per cent of total family income within the year from husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources, by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of the total yearly income of 430 families selected for study in the above table, 69.4 per cent is from earnings of husband, 3.3 per cent from earnings of wife, 13.7 per cent from contributions of children, 8.4 per cent from payments of boarders or lodgers, and 5.1 per cent from other sources. Larger proportions of the total income of the families the heads of which are native-born of native father than of either the families the heads of which are native-born of foreign father or the families the heads of which are foreign-born, are from earnings of husband and wife, the reverse being true as regards the total income from each other specified source. The children of the families the heads of which are native-born of foreign father contribute a larger proportion of the total family income than do either the children of the families the heads of which are native-born of native father, or the children of the families the heads of which are native-born of foreign father. Over 60 per cent of the total income of the families the heads of which are of each specified race, except Irish, is from earnings of husband, the families the heads of which are English being the only ones showing as high as 10 per cent of their total income from earnings of wife. The children of the families

the heads of which are Irish contribute 54.1 per cent of the total family income, as compared with none contributed by the children of the families the heads of which are Lithuanians and 2.5 per cent contributed by the children of the families the heads of which are Polish. Over 10 per cent of the total income of the families the heads of which are French Canadian, Hebrew, Lithuanian, or Polish, as compared with 2 per cent of the total income of the families the heads of which are English, is from payments of boarders or lodgers.

CHAPTER IX.

WORKING CONDITIONS.

Regularity of employment-The immigrant and organized labor-[Text Tables 149 to 151 and General Table 91].

REGULARITY OF EMPLOYMENT.

The regularity of work offered, as well as the relative industriousness of the operatives of the several races, is set forth in the two tables next presented. The first table which follows shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the months worked during the past year by males, in the households studied, who were 16 years of age or over and who were employed away from home.

TABLE 149.-Months worked during the past year by males 16 years of age or over employed away from home, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of the 716 males included in the above table 98.7 per cent have worked three months or over; 91.5 per cent six months or over; 67.6 per cent nine months or over, and 30.4 per cent twelve months during the past year. The native-born of native father shows a larger proportion than the native-born of foreign father, which in turn shows a larger proportion than the foreign-born, having worked each specified number of months. Of the foreign-born races the French Canadians, Greeks, South Italians, and Lithuanians are the only ones

showing a proportion working less than three months. All of the Syrians worked six months or over, as compared with 69.8 per cent of the Greeks. Over 50 per cent of each race, except the Armenians, Greeks, and South Italians, worked nine months or over, and the proportion having worked the entire year ranges from 88.5 per cent of the Syrians to 10.8 per cent of the South Italians.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the months worked during the past year by females, in the households studied, who were 16 years of age or over and who were employed away from home:

TABLE 150.-Months worked during the past year by females 16 years of age or over employed away from home, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of the 183 females included in the preceding table, 99.5 per cent have worked three months or over, 92.9 per cent six months or over, 69.4 per cent nine months or over, and 34.4 per cent 12 months during the past year. All persons native-born of native father and nativeborn of foreign father have worked three months or over, as compared with 98.7 per cent of the foreign-born. All persons native-born of native father and 95.1 per cent of the native-born of foreign father have worked six months or over, as compared with 87.3 per cent of the foreign-born. The native-born of native father shows the largest and the foreign-born the smallest proportion having worked nine months or over and twelve months.

THE IMMIGRANT AND ORGANIZED LABOR.

The extent to which the operatives are members of labor organizations is indicated by the table next submitted, which shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the affiliation with trade unions of males, in the households studied."