Of the 471 males included in the preceding table, 3 were working for wages, 29.5 per cent were working wi 25.3 per cent were working for profit, and 7 per cent occupation before coming to the United States. The Lithuanian are the only races not showing a proporti without occupation. Among those who were working f English shows the largest and the Lithuanian the smalles while among those who were working without wages the shows the largest and the English the smallest proportio of each race who were working for profit the proportion 39.6 per cent of the Armenian to 4.2 per cent of the Eng

The following table shows the principal occupations b to the United States of foreign-born males in the househ who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, and according to race of individual:

TABLE 124.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreignwere 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of indiv (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total, however, is fo

Of the 471 males included in the preceding table, 7 pe without occupation, 38.2 per cent were working for wage cent were working without wages, and 25.3 per cent we for profit before coming to the United States. The 38. who were working for wages comprises the following-11 engaged in the shoe manufacturing industry, 8.1 per ce laborers, 3.6 per cent in hand trades, less than 1 per cent laborers and 14.6 per cent engaged in occupations other specified in this table. The 29.5 per cent working with comprises 25.9 per cent engaged as farm laborers and 3. otherwise employed. Of the 25.3 per cent working for pro cent were farmers and 15.9 per cent were engaged in o other than farming. Among those of each race who wer for wages the proportion who were farm laborers ranges per cent of the Polish to none of the Hebrews. The 1 who were employed in the shoe-manufacturing industry ra

66.7 per cent of the English to 1.4 per cent of the Polish, the ArmeThe nian, Greek, Lithuanian, and Syrian showing none, however. proportions for those who were working for wages in occupations other than those specified, ranges from 31.9 per cent of the Hebrew to 2.7 per cent of the Polish. Each race, except the Armenian, English, Hebrew, and South Italian, shows that of those who were working without wages a larger proportion were farm laborers than were otherwise employed. With the exception of the French Canadian, Lithuanian, and Polish groups, each race shows that a larger proportion of their number who were working for profit were engaged in occupations other than farming.

The table next submitted shows, by race of individual, the industrial conditions before coming to the United States of foreign-born females in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming to this country.

TABLE 125.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born
females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.
(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign

born.]

Armenian.

Canadian, French.

Greek.
Hebrew
Italian, South.
Lithuanian.
Polish..

Total..

Of the 344 females included in the preceding table, 73 per cent were without occupation, 15.4 per cent were working for wages, 10.8 per cent were working without wages, and less than 1 per cent were working for profit before coming to the United States. Of those of each race who were without occupation the proportion ranges from 97.2 per cent of the Armenians to 32.5 per cent of the Lithuanians. The French Canadian shows the largest and, with the exception of the Greek which shows none, the Armenian shows the smallest proportion who were working for wages; while the Lithuanian shows the largest and, with the exception of the Armenian which shows none, the Hebrew the smallest proportion working without wages. The Hebrew and South Italian show 1.5 per cent and 2.1 per cent, respectively, who were working for profit, other races showing none. The table next presented analyzes the preceding table into the principal occupations followed by foreign-born females in the households studied, before coming to the United States, who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming to this country. The presentation is by race of individual.

48206°-VOL 12-11-25

TABLE 126.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-b were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of indivi

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is f

Of the 344 females reporting complete data in the abov per cent were without occupation, 15.4 per cent were w wages, 10.8 per cent were working without wages, and 0. were working for profit before coming to the United States those who were working for wages the largest proportio domestic service, the next largest proportion having bee in sewing, embroidering, etc., and only 1.2 per cent of the ber reporting were engaged in the shoe-manufacturing Among those who were working without wages less than were employed other than as farm laborers, and among th ing for profit the entire proportion were engaged in occupat than farming. Only two races, the French Canadian an nian, show a proportion who have been employed in the ufacturing industry. The entire proportion of Poles who w ing for wages were in domestic service and the entire pro Armenians were in occupations other than those specified. those who were working without wages only one race, t Italian, shows a proportion who were employed as other t laborers.

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION OF IMMIGRANT EMPLOYEES BEFORE TO THE UNITED STATES.

The table next presented shows, by race, the percentage o born male employees who were in each specified occupatio coming to the United States.

TABLE 127.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in each specified occupation before coming to the United States, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

This table contains data from 863 males employed in the shoe manufacturing industry. Before immigrating to the United States, 60.8 per cent of these persons were employed in shoe manufacturing, 5.6 per cent were employed in manufacturing other than shoe manufacturing, 11.6 per cent worked at farming or farm labor, 1.5 per cent were general laborers, 5.7 per cent followed hand trades, 10 per cent were in trade, and 4.9 per cent were engaged in occupations not specified in this table. Over 88 per cent of both North and South Italians were engaged in shoe manufacturing, while the proportion of the French Canadians and Russian Hebrews thus engaged was 41.7 per cent and 48.7 per cent, respectively. No North Italians and very few South Italians were engaged in manufacturing other than shoe manufacturing, but 6 per cent of the French Canadians and 9.7 per cent of the Russian Hebrews were so employed. The French Canadians show 36.9 per cent who followed farming or farm labor before coming to the United States, whereas less than 3 per cent of any of the other races reported were so occupied. No Russian Hebrews or South Italians and less than 5 per cent of French Canadians and North Italians were general laborers. Among those who followed hand trades, the Russian Hebrews report 10.4 per cent and the South Italians 5.4 per cent, while the remaining races each show a proportion under 4 per cent. With 24 per cent engaged in trade the Russian Hebrew shows by far the greatest proportion in that respect, each other race showing less than 5 per cent. Less than 5 per cent of any race are reported as following other occupations than those herein specified.

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF MALES AT THE PRESENT TIME, IN THE
HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

In contrast with the preceding tabulations, the series of tables next presented exhibit the industrial condition of immigrant employees and members of their households in this country. The first table submitted shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the general occupations of males in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over.

TABLE 128.-General occupation of males 16 years of age or over, by general race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The totals, however, ar

Upon information secured for 816 individuals in this loca per cent are employed in the shoe manufacturing industry per cent are otherwise employed, 4.5 per cent being at h 1.3 per cent at school. The group native-born of nativ shows a larger proportion than the native-born of foreig which in turn shows a larger proportion than the foreign-b are employed in the shoe manufacturing industry. The fore report the largest and the native-born of foreign father the proportion who are otherwise employed. The native-born o father shows the largest proportion at home and at school, w native-born of native father shows the smallest proportion and the foreign-born the smallest proportion at school. Con the foreign-born, by race, it is seen that the largest proportion race, except the Lithuanian and Polish, are employed in t manufacturing industry. The proportion who are otherwise e ranges from 82.5 per cent of the Poles to 2.7 per cent of the The Armenian, South Italian, and Polish show 3.1 per cent, cent, and 1.3 per cent, respectively, at school, while the pr of each race who are at home ranges from 29.6 per cent of t to 1.6 per cent of the Canadian French.

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF FEMALES AT THE PRESENT TIME HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

In the table next presented the general occupation of female households studied who were 16 years of age or over is according to general nativity and race of individual.