cent were in trade, and 5.5 per cent were engaged in othe tions before coming to the United States. The Sout employees show the greatest proportion who have had experience in shoe manufacturing, 68.7 per cent of those having been thus engaged. The North Italians and Eng the next largest proportion, somewhat less than 60 per cen been employed in this industry abroad. The Russian Armenian, and French Canadian employees also show con proportions, while the Canadians other than French, Greel Slovak, and Lithuanian employees show comparatively s portions who have had any previous experience in thei occupation. The English employees show the highest p and the South Italians the lowest percentage who were in other manufactures abroad. The Lithuanian, Polish, an employees show over 70 per cent who were engaged in fa were farm laborers in Europe, which is far in excess of portions of employees of other races who were thus enga English showing only 1.2 per cent in this group. The North report the highest percentage who were general laborers Russian Hebrews and Canadians other than French no pers were thus employed. The Armenians show the highest percen were engaged in hand trades and the Poles the lowest. T and Russian Hebrew employees show large proportions who trade, and the Poles and Šlovaks less than 1 per cent. T dians other than French show a considerably higher percen were engaged in occupations other than specified than emp other races, and none of the Poles were thus engaged.

WEEKLY EARNINGS.

The series of tabulations next presented set forth the weekly earnings and the range in amount of weekly ear employees of the shoe-manufacturing industry in the Ea first table submitted shows, by general nativity and race, centage of male employees 18 years of age or over earning ea fied amount per week.

TABLE 96.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning ea amount per week, by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are 1

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of vo time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report show

Occupa Italian revious

TABLE 96.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race-Continued.

Greek

ere in

Canawho

es of

Total foreign-born..

The above table shows that of 6,668 male employees 18 years of age or over, 99.5 per cent earn $5 or over per week, 92.3 per cent earn $7.50 or over, 68.4 per cent $10 or over, 36.8 per cent $12.50 or over, 28 per cent $15 or over, 10.3 per cent $17.50 or over, 3 per cent $20 or over, and 0.6 per cent earn $25 or over per week. The percentage of employees of foreign birth earning each specified amount per week is smaller in every instance than that of the native whites born of native father or the native-born of foreign father. The employees who are native-born of foreign father exhibit a higher percentage earning $7.50 or over, $12.50 or over, $15 or over, $17.50 or over, and $20 or over than the native-born whites of native father; the latter show the same proportion as the former earning $25 or over per week and a higher percentage earning $5 or over and $10 or over per week. Among the foreign-born employees, the French Canadians, Canadians other than French, and English alone show proportions earning $25 or over per week. The Armenian, North Italian, Polish, and Slovak employees show no persons earning $20 or over per week, and no Polish or Slovak employees earn $17.50 or over per week. The English, German, Irish, and Lithuanian employees show 100 per cent earning $5 or over per week, and the Polish employees only 97.7 per cent earning this amount.

In the next table presented the percentage of female employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week is shown according to general nativity and race.

lost

nual

TABLE 97.-Per cent of female employees 18 years of age or over earning amount per week, by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more females reporting. The totals, however, a

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report sh earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

Of 2,664 female employees who are 18 years of age or c per cent earn $2.50 or over, 95 per cent $5 or over, 64.1 $7.50 or over, 22.6 per cent $10 or over, and 2.5 per cent $1 per week. The foreign-born female employees show a l centage earning each specified amount per week than th in the totals for all employees, except the rate of $2.50 or over; here the foreign-born show a slightly higher per that exhibited in the totals. Both female employees who a born of foreign father and who are of foreign birth show cent earning $2.50 or over per week as contrasted with smaller proportions of the native-born whites of nativ The female employees who are native-born of foreign fat a slightly higher per cent earning $5 or over, $7.50 or over or over per week than either the native whites born of nati or the foreign-born, which follow in the order named. Th employees who are native whites born of native father highest percentage earning $15 or over per week, followe native-born of foreign father and the foreign-born in t mentioned. Among the native-born of foreign father the whose fathers were born in Ireland show the highest percent ing $5 or over and $7.50 or over per week, while the female e whose fathers were born in Canada show the highest p earning $10 or over and $15 or over per week. Among the born, all races show 100 per cent of female employees earn or over per week; the French Canadians show the highest p earning each following specified amount per week and the Hebrews the lowest percentage. None of the latter or C other than French show any female employees earning $1 per week, and the proportion of the Russian Hebrew female e earning $10 or over per week is very small.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week:

TABLE 98.-Per cent of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

T. 99.9 r cent

r over.

r pershown

week

t than

ative

10 per

ightly ather. show

d $10

father emale

w the

y the

order

males

earnoyees

ntage

eign

$2.50

This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

The above table compiled from data secured from 544 male employees who are 14 and under 18 years of age shows that 100 per cent earn $2.50 or over, 83.6 per cent earn $5 or over, 28.1 per cent earn $7.50 or over, and 5.7 per cent earn $10 or over per week. The employees of foreign birth show 100 per cent earning $2.50 or over per week and a higher percentage earning each following specified amount per week than is shown in the totals for all employees from whom information was secured. In each nativity group all employees earn $2.50 or over per week. The native whites born of native father show the highest percentage earning $5 or over per week, followed in the order named by the foreign-born and the native-born of foreign father. The foreign-born show the highest percentage earning $7.50 or over per week, followed by the native whites born of native father and the native-born of foreign father. The foreign-born exhibit the highest percentage earning $10 or over per week, followed by the native-born of foreign tather and the native whites born of native father in a decreasing ratio. The employees whose fathers were born in Ireland show a higher percentage earning $5 or over and $7.50 or over than the employees whose fathers were born in Canada, while the latter show slightly larger proportions earning $10 or over per week than the former.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of female employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week.

TABLE 99.-Per cent of female employees 14 and under 18 years of age earni fied amount per week, by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more females reporting. The totals, however, &

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken o time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

The preceding table compiled from data secured from 4 employees 14 and under 18 years of age shows 99.5 per ce $2.50 or over, 74.1 per cent earning $5 or over, 21.8 per ce $7.50 or over, and 3.8 per cent earning $10 or over per w female employees of foreign birth show a higher percenta each specified rate per week than that exhibited in the to female employees reporting complete data. The female fo employees also show a higher percentage earning each spe per week than the native whites born of native father or t born of foreign father. The two last-named nativity group same proportion earning $2.50 or over per week, the nati foreign father showing a slightly higher percentage than whites born of native father earning $5 or over, while the la a higher percentage than the former earning $7.50 or ove or over per week.

RELATION BETWEEN PERIOD OF RESIDENCE AND EARNING

The extent of progress in industrial efficiency or earning foreign-born employees after designated periods of residen country is indicated in the table next submitted. It show and length of residence in the United States, the earnings p foreign-born male employees 18 years of age or over, the I in each specified period of residence being grouped under t races in order to make possible a study of the progress of ea

i