The totals of the preceding table show 4 per cent of households paying under $1 rent per person per month, 34.2 per cent pay under $2, 60.2 per cent pay under $3, and 77.2 per cent pay under $4 rent per person per month. Foreign-born show a somewhat higher percentage of households paying under $1 rent per person per month than native-born of foreign father, while native-born of native father show no households paying under this amount. Foreign-born continue to show a much greater proportion of households paying under $2, under $3, and under $4 rent per month per person than either native-born of foreign father or native-born of native father, which follow in the order named. The percentage of households whose heads are native-born of foreign father paying each specified monthly rent per person is considerably higher in each instance than that of those whose heads were native-born of native father. Among the foreign-born, Poles show a very high percentage of households paying under $1 and under $2 rent per month per person, when compared with the other races given, English, Greeks, and Hebrews showing no households paying under $1, and English no households paying under $2 rent per month per person. Lithuanians report the highest percentage of households paying under $3 and under $4 rent per month per person, and English households the lowest percentage in each instance.

BOARDERS AND LODGERS.

The practice of the housewives in keeping boarders or lodgers in order to supplement the earnings of their husbands has already been shown. In the present connection the bearing of the practice upon living conditions is considered. The table which follows shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the number and percentage of households keeping boarders or lodgers:

TABLE 55.-Number and per cent of households keeping boarders or lodgers, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[Information relating to boarders or lodgers covers only immediate time of taking schedule and not the entire year. Boarders are persons who receive both board and lodging.]

The foregoing table shows that 32.7 per cent of the 710 hou included in this inquiry were keeping boarders or lodgers. T centage for foreign-born was somewhat higher and that native-born of foreign father was somewhat lower. Most foreign-born races do not show any wide variations from the a The exceptions are the Lithuanians and Poles, both of whi have more than double the average percentage of households boarders or lodgers.

The table next submitted shows the average number of b or lodgers per household, by general nativity and race of household. The averages are based (1) on the total num households studied and (2) on the number of households boarders or lodgers.

TABLE 56.-Average number of boarders or lodgers per household, by general na race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[Information relating to boarders or lodgers covers only immediate time of taking schedule a entire year. Boarders are persons who receive both board and lodging.]

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

Of 710 households concerning which information was secu are keeping boarders or lodgers, the number of boarders or kept being 539. The average number of boarders or lods household as based on the total number of households is Ò the average number per household as based on the number o holds keeping boarders or lodgers is 2.32. The households th of which are foreign-born show a considerably higher avera ber of boarders or lodgers per household as based on the total

native-born of foreign father or those whose heads are native whites born of native father, which follow in the order named. The households the heads of which are foreign-born also show a considerably higher average number of boarders or lodgers per household as based on the number of households keeping boarders or lodgers than either the households the heads of which are native whites born of native father or native-born of foreign father, which follow in the order named. Of the races among the foreign-born the households the heads of which are Lithuanians and Poles show by far the highest average number of boarders or lodgers per household as based on the total number of households and also on the number of households keeping boarders or lodgers. The households the heads of which are English show the smallest average number of boarders or lodgers per household as based on the total number of households, and the households the heads of which are Hebrew the lowest average number of boarders or lodgers per household as based on the number of households keeping boarders or lodgers.

SIZE OF APARTMENTS OCCUPIED.

The range in the size of apartments occupied by the households studied is set forth in the table next presented. This table shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms: TABLE 57.-Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

A 4-room apartment is occupied by a greater proportion of the total number of households than any other size. Comparatively large proportions occupy 5 and 6 room apartments. The smaller apartments, 1, 2, and 3 rooms, are least frequently occupied. The households native-born of native father occupy 5 and 6 rooms most

commonly. The native-born of foreign father and the foreig occupy 4-room apartments more frequently than any other Unusually large proportions of the Greek households occupy 2 room apartments. The greater number of the specified races frequently occupy 4 rooms. Of the Irish households, howev per cent occupy apartments of 7 rooms or more. The French dians, English, and South Italians quite commonly occupy 5 room apartments.

SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table following exhibits the range in the size of hous studied. It shows the percentage of households of each sp number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of hous TABLE 58.-Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for

Of the 710 households studied, 17.9 per cent consist of 3 pe 15.8 per cent consist of 5 persons and slightly smaller proportion sist of 4 persons. Only 3.9 per cent consist of 10 or more pe The foreign-born show a small proportion of households consist 10 or more persons, while the native-born of foreign father and n born of native father show none. Among households of more 6 persons the foreign-born predominate. In households cons of 2 persons the native-born of foreign father show a decidedly proportion of households than do the foreign-born. Amon foreign-born races that report households consisting of 2 perso English show the largest proportion, or 37.9 per cent. The He report none and French Canadians, Irish, South Italians, Lithua and Poles show proportions less than 10 per cent. The Hebre

show the largest proportion consisting of 4 persons. The Poles predominate in the tabulation of households consisting of 6 persons. That race shows 18.4 per cent, as compared with but 6.9 per cent of the English. None of the races show a proportion equal to 10 per cent of households consisting of 9 persons, while the English show none. None of the Irish or English households consist of 10 or more persons. Of the Lithuanians 14.8 per cent and of the Poles 10.2 per cent consist of 10 or more persons.

CONGESTION.

The extent to which crowding prevails in the households of the employees in the shoe manufacturing industry is indicated by the preceding tables. In the following series of tables the degree of congestion and its effect upon living arrangements is more directly set forth. The first table presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons in apartments of each specified number of rooms.

TABLE 59.-Average number of persons in apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

From the above table it appears that there is an average of 5.20 persons to each apartment regardless of size. In apartments of 2 rooms each there are on an average 3.56 persons; in 3-room apartments the average number is 4.25 persons; the average for 4-room apartments is 5.04 persons; in the apartments of 6 rooms the average is 5.72 persons, and for apartments of 7 rooms or more the average is 5.76 persons. A comparison between the native-born of native father and the native-born of foreign father reveals a smaller average number of persons per apartment in the case of the former, and a comparison between these classes and those of foreign birth