than the proportion in the Middle West. The difference betw. proportion of each other nativity group in the two localities d exceed 2 per cent.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race, tl centage of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age earnin specified amount per week:

TABLE 33.-Per cent of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each amount per week, by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of volur time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showin earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

Of the 1,495 males 14 and under 18 years of age employed shoe-manufacturing industry, 4.9 per cent earn $10 or over, 24 cent $7.50 or over, 70.7 per cent $5 or over, and 99.1 per cent or over per week. The foreign-born show a larger proportion the native-born of foreign father earning each specified am while the native-born of foreign father show a larger proportion the native-born of native father earning each specified ar except $7.50 or over, where the native-born of native father sl slightly larger proportion.

The table following shows, by general nativity and race, the centage of female employees 14 and under 18 years of age ea each specified amount per week.

TABLE 34.-Per cent of female employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

Of the 1,392 females from 14 to 18 years of age employed in the shoe-manufacturing industry 97.9 per cent earn $2.50 or over, 59.8 per cent earn $5 or over, 15.8 per cent earn $7.50 or over, and 2.2 per cent earn $10 or over per week. The foreign-born, followed by the native-born of foreign father, shows the largest and the native-born of native father, white, the smallest proportion earning each specified

amount.

RELATION BETWEEN PERIOD OF RESIDENCE AND EARNING ABILITY.

The extent to which industrial efficiency or earning ability of the employees of foreign birth is increased after designated periods of residence in this country is indicated by the following series of tables. By grouping the proportion in each period of residence under the several races the first table makes possible a study of industrial advancement of each race enumerated.

TABLE 35.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees 18 years of age or over earn specified amount per week, by race and length of residence in the United Stat

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This tabl only races with 200 or more males reporting.]

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of volu time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showi earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

The proportion of French Canadians earning each specified a except $5 or over, $7.50 or over, or $20 or over per week, inc with the length of residence in the United States. Of the Gree proportion earning each specified amount is largest of those period of residence of ten years or over and smallest of those period of residence of less than five years-none earning as high per week. The proportion of Russian Hebrews earning each fied amount from $10 to $25 per week is largest of those with a of residence of ten years or over, and smallest of those with a of residence of less than five years the proportion earning $7 over per week being largest of those with a period of residence o five to nine years and the proportion of those earning $5 or over 100 per cent of those with a period of residence of less than five as well as of those with a residence of ten years or over, and 98 cent of those with a period of residence of from 5 to 9 years. proportion of North Italians earning each specified amount $12.50 per week is largest of those with a period of residence o five to nine years, while the proportion earning $12.50 or ov $15 or over is largest of those with a period of residence of ten y over-less than 1 per cent earning as high as $20 per week. T portion of South Italians earning each specified amount below and from $17.50 to $25 per week is largest of those with a pe residence of from five to nine years, while the proportion earning or over or $15 or over per week is largest of those with a pe

residence of ten years or over. The proportion of Slovaks earning each specified amount is largest of those with a period of residence of ten years or over and smallest of those with a period of residence of less than five years, except of those earning $5 or over. None earn as high as $17.50 per week.

The following table is based upon the same data as the one immediately preceding, but presented in a different form. It shows, by race and length of residence in the United States, the proportion of male employees 18 years of age or over who earn weekly each specified

amount.

TABLE 36.—Comparative earnings per week of foreign-born male employees 18 years of age or over, by race and length of residence in the United States.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 200 or more males reporting.]

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

Of those of each race, included in the preceding table, who have been in the United States less than five years, the French Canadian shows the largest proportion earning each specified rate per week from $7.50 or over to $15 or over-none of the French Canadians or Slovaks and but small proportions of the other races earning $17.50 or over. The Slovaks show the smallest proportion earning $10 or over or $12.50 or over per week-the Greeks showing a smaller proportion than the Slovaks earning $7.50 or over, but a larger proportion earning $15 or over or $17.50 or over. Of those of each race who have been in the United States from five to nine years, the Russian Hebrews show

the largest proportion earning $12.50 or over, $15 or over, or or over per week-the French Canadians showing the largest tion earning $10 or over and the North Italian the largest tion earning $7.50 or over. Of those of each race who have 1

the United States ten years or over the Greeks show the large portion earning $15 or over, $17.50 or over, or $20 or over per v the Russian Hebrews showing the largest proportion earning $1 over, the Canadian French the largest proportion earning $10 o and the Slovaks the largest proportion earning $7.50 or over. Al all the Slovaks earn $5 or over and a larger proportion of the S than of those of any other given race earn $7.50 or over, the S show the smallest proportion earning $12.50 or over or $15 o and none earn as high as $17.50.

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF MALE HEADS OF FAMILIES STUDIE

The extent to which male heads of families studied were reg employed, together with their average annual earnings, is set f the table following, which shows, by general nativity and ra proportion of husbands at work, in the households studied.

TABLE 37.-Husbands at work, by general nativity and race of individua (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

The foregoing table shows that 652 families were selected for That number of families represent 619 husbands, of whom 96 cent are at work. The average earnings of that number ar per year. The families whose heads were native-born of 1 father show a slightly larger proportion of husbands at work tl the foreign-born. The percentage for the former, 97.7 and 1 latter, 96. The native whites born of native father, show no the highest average rate of earnings but also that 100 per cent hushanda oro at work Of the foreign families studied 100 pr