3000

6000

9000

12000

SLOVAK

SLOVENIAN

SWEDISH

PREPARATION OF THE REPORT.

In preparing the data for publication all the statistical data, with some exceptions, have been brought together into text tabulations of the industry as a whole without regard to geographical lines. The exceptions are four in number, separate tables having been prepared for the East and the Middle West, showing the racial composition of the operating forces, the period of residence, and the political condition of foreign-born employees. On the other hand, the historical and descriptive material is presented with reference to the geographical distribution of the industry and is designed to be illustrative or representative of conditions in various sections of the country.

CHAPTER II.

RACIAL DISPLACEMENTS.

History of Immigration-Period of residence in the United States of foreign-born employees and members of their households-Racial classification of employees at the present time-[Text Tables 10 to 20 and General Tables 8 to 9].

HISTORY OF IMMIGRATION.

Data showing in detail the history of immigration to the leather tanning and finishing industry in the States of Delaware, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, and in the country as a whole, is, unfortunately, unavailable. The racial composition of the working force at the census periods of 1880, 1890, and 1900 is, however, indicated by the reports of the Census Office. From the census figures it is possible to determine, in a general way, the movement of immigrant labor to the industry.

The following table classifies the employees of the leather tanning and finishing industry in 1880, by country of birth:

TABLE 10.-Number of leather workers in the United States and in selected States, by country of birth, 1880.

In 1880 the total number of leather tanning and finishing employees in the United States was 29,842. There were 563 employees in Delaware, 7,356 in Massachusetts, 6,020 in Pennsylvania, and 1,133 in Wisconsin. Of the total number of employees in the United States, 16,193, or more than one-half, were native-born. Persons of Irish and German birth, in the order mentioned, had the largest representation among the foreign-born. It will be noted that the proportion of employees of native birth was smaller in Massachusetts than in either Pennsylvania or Delaware, and much smaller in Wisconsin than in any of the other States for which figures are given. In Wisconsin less than one-third of all the employees were native-born. In Massachusetts the Irish and in Wisconsin the Germans had a much larger representation than persons of any of the other races. In Pennsyl