Information was obtained in this industry for 8,049 foreign-born employees, of which number 49.3 per cent speak English. Of those who have been in the United States under five years, 24.4 per cent speak English, as compared with 55.5 per cent of those who have been in the United States from five to nine years and 80.3 per cent of those who have been in the United States ten years or over. Among the males, the proportions in each age group vary only slightly from the proportions shown for all persons. The Slovenians show the smallest proportion with ability to speak English among those who have been in the United States from five to nine years, while the largest proportion, or 95.5 per cent, is shown by the Swedes. Following the Swedes are the Greeks, 71.4 per cent of whom speak English. This proportion, it will be noted, is slightly in excess of that shown by the South Italians or North Italians, and very largely in excess of that shown by the Lithuanians or Slovenians. Among those with a residence of ten years or over, the Swedes with 99.6 per cent and the South Italians with 92.6 per cent show the largest proportions, while the smallest proportion, or 69.3 per cent, is shown by the Poles, the proportions of the other races ranging from 89.2 per cent of the Slovaks to 73 per cent of Magyars. Among the females, 41.1 per cent of whom speak English, it will be noted that of those with a residence of less than five years, 17.5 per cent speak English, as compared with 72.2 per cent with a residence of from five to nine years and 91.3 per cent with a residence of ten years or over. No Germans, Greeks, or Lithuanians, and only very small proportions of Slovenians and Magyars, as compared with 24 per cent of the Poles and 71.4 per cent of the South Italians, with a residence of less than five years, speak English. The German females, with a residence of ten years or over, report their entire number as being able to speak English. GENERAL EXPLANATION OF TABLES. Persons of native birth have been divided into two general groups and further subdivided under each of the two, as follows: 1. Native-born of native father. Persons under this group are classified as White, Negro, Indian, Chinese, Hindu, Japanese, and Korean. 2. Native-born of foreign father. Persons under this group are classified according to race of father in all tables where the data were secured for households, and according to country of birth of father in all tables where the data were secured for employees. Where classification is by race of father the classification used for several years by the United States Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization is followed. Persons of foreign birth are classified according to race (or people). The classification of the United States Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization is followed. In the study of households information is presented— 1. By general nativity and race of the "individual" in all tables which show facts which are personal in their nature, such as English speaking, occupation, or conjugal condition. 2. By general nativity and race of "head of family" in tables concerned with family matters-for example, family income. 3. By general nativity and race of "head of household" in all tables dealing with living conditions, among which are tables showing the composition of the household and the number of persons per room and per sleeping room. The distinction which has been made throughout this study between "family" and "household" is dependent upon the use of the term "apartment." An "apartment" is a room or rooms within which all the usual daily processes of living, namely, cooking, eating, and sleeping, are carried on by the occupants. According to this definition an apartment may be, for example, a whole house, or it may be a single room of what was originally intended as an apartment, or it may be a corner of a wareroom or the back of a storeroom partitioned off and set aside for household uses. Two or more groups of occupants with distinctly separate money interests frequently rent a number of rooms jointly, occupying certain rooms separately, but sharing one or more, usually the kitchen, or kitchen and living room. Under these conditions neither the rooms used by the one group of occupants nor those used by the other can be considered an apartment, since the room used in common must in such case be considered a room in each apartment and thus be counted twice. Where these conditions have been encountered the entire number of rooms has been considered one apartment. The "household" includes all persons living within an apartment without regard to the relationships which exist among them. The |