exploratory work in setting up these programs. I would say another year's operation on the same basis would probably run $4 million in foreign currencies and slightly less than double the amount in American dollars.

Mr. NORRELL. Is that what you would envision as the ultimate cost? Mr. ROGERS. Insofar as foreign currencies are concerned I think they may go up further than that in the course of 3 or 4 years if the program continues. I say that because the present program envisions the purchase of a limited number of publications to be placed in recognized centers, but many colleges are starting area programs and want to participate in this program. They would like this support for their area programs covering lesser known parts of the world.

JUSTIFICATION DATA

Mr. NORRELL. We ought to place the justifications at this point in the record.

(The justifications follow:)

COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF LIBRARY MATERIALS
(SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)

1960 regular bill..... 1961 estimate__

Net increase..

Analysis of increases

1. Acquisition of books and other library materials_

To acquire and distribute to libraries and research centers in the United States multiple copies of publications available in 8 countries in the original or reproduction..

2. Cataloging of materials__

To catalog selected materials with the aid of native staff supervised by U.S. personnel and/or under contract arrangements with local organizations in 5 countries.

3. Operation of centers__.

In 6 of the 8 countries it is planned to have centers where the necessary operations in connection with acquisition, cataloging, microfilming, etc., will be handled.

4. Program support (U.S. dollars)

For the salaries of U.S. personnel abroad and for the coordinating staff at the Library of Congress, travel, equipment costs which cannot be financed by foreign currencies.

Net increase___

$

2, 811, 400

+2, 811, 400

$1,780,000

273, 200

613,000

145, 200

+2, 811,400

EXPLANATION OF PROGRAM

In accordance with section 104(n) of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (included in Public Law 85-931, approved September 6, 1958), the Librarian of Congress has been authorized to undertake an entirely new and additional program: To use foreign currencies accruing under this act to provide information of technical, scientific, cultural, or educational significance to the United States through the collection and cataloging of foreign library materials and the distribution of copies thereof to libraries and research centers in the United States. While the Library of Congress will be one of the recipients, the bulk of the materials will be distributed to Federal, State, and other libraries and research centers specializing in the areas to which the material relates.

Since the early months of the fiscal year will be occupied with a preliminary survey, negotiation of contracts, and setting up of centers, actual acquisition and cataloging operations are predicated on a 6-month period. Initial operations will be confined primarily to acquisition and cataloging because these are activities in which the Library is particularly competent.

This program will be of inestimable value to librarians, scholars, and research workers, generally, and will bring into this country a wealth of material not readily available through normal book trade channels. It is considered essential that at least one copy of every foreign publication of research value be available in this country. To date this has not been possible, primarily because of financial limitations. Even this, without question, is a minimal program in view of the potential needs. The acquisition of multiple sets as provided by the act will make possible a geographical distribution that will give scholars in many parts of the country ready access to the materials.

The cataloging of the materials will greatly enhance their value to the recipient libraries which do not have available trained librarians possessing the linguistic competence necessary to process the materials. The program would also be advantageous to the Library of Congress in the same way.

During the first year it is planned to develop programs in eight countries, namely, China (Taiwan), Egypt, India, Israel, Pakistan, Poland, Spain, and Yugoslavia.

The program overall will combine the specific activities of acquisition and cataloging. The operation of centers in six areas and the necessary limited, but direct, dollar support cut across these two activities and result in a fourway budgetary breakdown of the funds requested. The programs under these four captions are set forth below:

1. Acquisition of books and other library materials

During the initial 6 months of operation, the Library of Congress will attempt to acquire multiple copies of important current monographs and periodicals and of selected newspapers produced in each of the eight countries, plus some publications from adjacent countries for the collections of the Library of Congress and for distribution to the libraries of colleges and universities and other research centers specializing in the areas to which the materials relate. These estimates assume the acquisition of from 6 to 12 complete sets of the current publications of selected countries; each set will comprise from 2,500 to 18,000 pieces. In addition, funds have been included for the purchase of certain older; publications either in the original or microfilm.

To arrive at the cost of the acquisitions phase of this program, the Library: of Congress considered among other sources of information the following:

(a) Published book, periodical, and newspaper production statistics by country.

(b) The experience of the Library of Congress on average per item prices, by country.

(c) The Library's costs of acquisition administration in the United States.

(d) Estimated costs of acquisition in each of the countries, based upon both published information and the experience of Library area and acquisition specialists.

(e) Tentative lists of the U.S. recipients based upon knowledge of the specialization of the various American libraries. For example, it is not unlikely that the Indian material will be sent to the University of Pennsylvania, the University of California, and the Midwest Inter-Library Center among others.

It is expected that the materials will be shipped directly from the country in which collected to the recipient libraries in the United States.

An advisory committee has been appointed consisting of representatives from several U.S. Government agencies, library associations, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the Social Science Research Council. This Committee is being consulted on matters which are vital to the successful initiation and continuation of the broad aspects of the program and is eminently qualified to suggest the names of institutions which should receive the materials which are acquired.

Before actual operations start, the Library expects to send abroad survey teams from its own staff to explore with the foreign posts the possibilities of acquisition of materials, recruitment of local personnel, and the availability of physical facilities, equipment, and supplies. Estimates for this exploratory work are predicated on 3-month periods for each team in each of the major areas.

The detail of the data used in compiling the estimates under this activity is presented in the following summary table:

Egypt.

India.

Israel.

Pakistan..

Poland.

Yugoslavia.

10 sets of 5,300 publications, at $16,000 per set, cost for
1⁄2 year.

6 sets of 35,000 publications, at $38,000 per set, cost for
1⁄2 year.

1,000 sets of Indian National Bibliography, at $14 per set--
6 sets of non-Indic (Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Bur-
mese, Napalese, Tibetan), at $10,000 per set, cost for
4 year.

12 sets of 4,000 publications, at $5,000 per set, cost for
1⁄2 year.

Retrospective publications..

6 sets of 2,500 publications, at $2,500 per set, cost for 1⁄2

China (Taiwan) Contract with a local printer to reissue in offset form

Spain.

basic works in the Chinese language.
Reproduction by microfilm of approximately 2,500,000
frames of negatives and 5 positive service copies plus
multiple sets of selected titles in the original.

2. Cataloging of materials

It is envisioned that the current publications acquired in Egypt, India, Israel, Poland, and Yugoslavia will be cataloged with the assistance of native personnel or under contract with local organizations. Estimates of cataloging production were based on the Library's experience with foreign catalogers who have visited the Library for periods of 1 or 2 years working under the supervision of American professional librarians. It is imperative to have American personnel in residence for training natives or for consultation, whether the work is administered by an American staff or under contract with local organizations. It is planned to have catalog entries accompany the materials acquired or follow them closely.

3. Operation of centers

In six of the eight countries it is planned to have centers staffed with foreign nationals under American supervision. Included in these estimates are the costs of rents and utilities, other contractual services, equipment, and in India and Israel microfilm laboratories. The equipment costs would, for the most part, be nonrecurring after the first year. Costs indicated for this activity cover only nonpersonal service items. The staffing of the centers, the cost of which is distributed to the other three activities, is shown in summary form on page 114.

4. Program support (U.S. dollars)

Estimates for this activity are based upon salaries for 6 months of the American supervisory personnel overseas and 9 months for the supporting staff at the Library. Related costs for retirement and group life insurance are added, also oversea allowances for personnel abroad. It is then assumed that personnel abroad will accept 25 percent of their salaries in foreign currencies. There are also added items for travel and equipment which cannot be financed by foreign currencies. Details of these estimates are shown in the following table:

11

33, 003

114,587

10,000

2, 163 11,000

7,450

In all countries for which U.S. personnel is requested, it is proposed that they administer the program and supervise the native personnel in acquiring, cataloging, microfilming, and distributing the publications and cataloging products. In Pakistan, it is proposed to have native personnel acquire and distribute publications. In Spain and Taiwan, it is proposed to contract with local organizations for microfilming or other forms of reproduction. No cataloging operations are anticipated during the first year in these three countries.

It is assumed that cataloging in Poland and Yugoslavia will be accomplished through contracts with local organizations, whereas it is anticipated that native staff under the direction of American personnel will do the cataloging in Egypt, Israel, and India.

Summary tables

!

The following three summary tables present in detail the estimated requirements broken down primarily by country (table 1), by object classification (table 2), and by activity (table 3).