Basic Statistics and Epidemiology: A Practical GuideRadcliffe Publishing, 2002 - 151 lappuses However smart they are, from a social perspective children do not really count until maturity. Then all of a sudden society expects responsibility, independence and in particular, commitment. This viewpoint, shared by so many children and young people today, is the basis of much disaffection among youth. This miscalculation, and how to combat it, is the major theme of this book. The social qualities expected of young people do not come to them automatically. Children need to be guided through social experiences to develop responsibility and commitment. The most effective way to inculcate these qualities is to involve children through their active participation in their education and welfare. The book reviews the theoretical framework for participation by children and young people, and discusses fields of practice where participation is of great importance - including local youth policy, education and professional youth care. Micha de Winter is a professor of child care and in this book he draws on his many years of experience to produce a work which is authoritative, inspiring and convincing. Children as Fellow Citizens is essential reading for those involved in youth and social policy, educators and social scientists, as well as social service and health care professionals. |
Saturs
What are statistics? | 1 |
Populations and samples | 3 |
Random sampling | 7 |
Presenting data | 11 |
Frequencies percentages proportions and rates | 15 |
Types of data | 19 |
Mean median and mode | 23 |
Gentiles | 27 |
What is epidemiology? | 69 |
Bias and confounding | 71 |
Measuring disease frequency | 75 |
Measuring association in epidemiology | 83 |
Prevalence studies | 91 |
Questionnaires | 93 |
Cohort studies | 99 |
Casecontrol studies | 103 |
Standard deviation | 29 |
Standard error | 33 |
Normal distribution | 35 |
Confidence intervals | 39 |
Probability | 43 |
Hypothesis tests and Pvalues | 47 |
The ttest | 51 |
Parametric and nonparametric tests | 57 |
Correlation and regression | 59 |
Chisquared test | 61 |
Statistical power and sample size | 67 |
Randomised controlled trials | 107 |
Screening | 113 |
Glossary of terms | 121 |
Statistical tables | 123 |
Exercises | 129 |
Answers to exercises | 135 |
143 | |
Further reading | 145 |
147 | |
Citi izdevumi - Skatīt visu
Bieži izmantoti vārdi un frāzes
a+b+c+d absolute risk age groups alcohol consumption allocated attributable risk bacterial vaginosis bias called cancer case-control studies cell centile Chi-squared test clinic cohort study column compared confidence interval confounding decimal places degrees of freedom diabetic retinopathy diastolic blood pressure drug Epidemiology example expected deaths expected frequencies exposed exposure Figure formula for calculating frequency distribution HbA1c health authority hypothesis testing incidence investigate large samples measure median Mediwell method mmHg needed to treat negative normal distribution normal distribution table null hypothesis number needed number of deaths odds ratio outcomes P-value population mean possible probability proportion questionnaire random number random sample randomised controlled trials relative risk result risk factor sample mean screening programme screening test selected shown in Table simple random sample standard deviation standard error standard population standardised statistical significance study population t-distribution t-test total number treatment group two-tailed type of study usually whole number x² statistic z-score
Populāri fragmenti
143. lappuse - JD. influence of bacterial vaginosis on conception and miscarriage in the first trimester: cohort study.