present at the meeting, but should be chosen so far as possible as the free choice of all the members of the American Bar Association in the state which he is to represent.

I want to call attention to this aspect of the matter. Some of the gentlemen who have spoken have rather suggested that those who come here are by reason of their devotion to the interest of the Association entitled perhaps to a larger vote and a larger influence in the affairs of the Association than those who stay away. We come here because we enjoy coming here, and everybody who does come here gets his full payment and takes away really a great deal more than he brings to the meeting. So we do not get anything to our credit on the ground of selfsacrifice. It is a delight and a pleasure to be here. But I want to call your attention to the fact that there are thousands of members of this Association who never attend a meeting; who, except when the meeting is to be held in their immediate vicinity, cannot hope to attend a meeting, and who support the Association purely as a matter of professional duty. It seems to me that it would add to the weight and influence of the Association if we could give those members an opportunity to express themselves in their choice of representatives on the General Council. I do not think it would give us any better members; I do not think the personnel of the General Council would be improved in the slightest; and I do not know that its membership would be changed to any great extent, but you would have the advantage of having the members of the Association generally participate, at least in this way, in the affairs of the Association.

May I make another suggestion? I do not know that it is practical, but wouldn't it be worth while to make an effort to gather together the members of the Association in each state at least once a year prior to the time of holding this annual meeting, either in connection with the state bar association or otherwise, to get as many of them together as possible and to talk over the program that we are to have at the annual meeting and perhaps to formulate some sentiment on the subjects that are coming before that meeting? I do not see why to some extent that could not be done, and I am sure it would insure a larger attendance at the meeting.

Wesley Martin, of Iowa:

The first meeting of this Association that I attended was the one held at Cleveland, Ohio, two years ago. I had an idea, before going to that meeting, that this was a somewhat exclusive organization and that perhaps members from the country towns would have but little influence and but slight, if any, recognition. When, however, at this, my first meeting, I was selected as a member of the Local Council of the American Bar Association for Iowa, my views underwent a radical change. I then realized that attendance upon the meetings is the best way to get the fullest benefits of membership. This is true as well as of other organizations. Attendance upon the stated meetings is calculated to bring specific recognition and adds to the influence and usefulness of the attending members.

P. H. Martin, of Wisconsin:

The discussion thus far has constrained me from renewing the suggestion made at the meeting in Boston last year, with reference to the organization of the American Bar Association. The effort seems to have been to interest the state bar associations. We lack unity of purpose and unity of effort. Why not organize the American Bar Association upon the plan of fraternal organization? Why should not every member of every state bar association in the United States be ipso facto a member of the American Bar Association?

The President:

Do you think the Treasurer could collect the dues on that theory?

P. H. Martin:

If he employs a good lawyer I think he could. The Constitution of the American Bar Association might be so amended as to permit state associations to elect to come in as a body as members of the American Bar Association. Then in a very short time we would have what we should have-not bar associations but one great big bar association in this country. The ideal of the lawyer is the same whether he comes from Florida or Illinois or Arkansas or any other state. We come here for what we can get out of it in an intellectual way, and I am

sure that no one who has listened to the two splendid addresses of this morning will go away without feeling that he has been amply repaid for coming here. He will take home with him a more lofty conception of his country and its institutions and its constitution.

With reference to the young man coming here for the first time and not being made to feel at home, I happen to know a young man who has attended this meeting of the American Bar Association for the first time, and who assures me that he will never fail to attend the meetings in the future. I am quite well aware that my suggestion that we remodel the constitution of the American Bar Association somewhat upon the plan of fraternal organizations is a radical proposal, but all radical proposals are not erroneous proposals by any means. The dues can be collected. The rights of the different states can be protected. Wisconsin can be a section of the American Bar Association. If you fix the dues at $5 or $10, or any other sum, the members will pay into the treasury of the American Bar Association a proportion of it, and the rest of it, whatever they may agree upon, into the treasury of the state associations. It is not impossible for the lawyers of the United States to organize and become a unit. We have the various state constitutions, and we have the federal constitution. Is it impossible for the lawyers of the United States to frame a constitution in which there will be the same dual relationship? As it is now, we are so spread out that the covering of the American Bar Association is very thin in spots and does not cover at all in other spots. We could safely provide for the admission into the state section, and admission into the state section would ipso facto be admission into the American Bar Association. It would be just as it is to be initiated into a fraternal organization in which the local chapter or lodge constitutes membership and fellowship in the greater organization all over the country.

It may not be a good thing to grow rapidly. We who come here year after year find that we get more than we give, and when it becomes generally known that you can come and get more than you give the membership will grow. We are not free from the taint of the age. It is not surprising that in this commercial age

the ideal of the lawyer and the ideal of the profession tends somewhat toward commercialism, and hence it is not surprising to find that very able lawyers are at home attending to their private business while such an intellectual treat as we have here is taking place in St. Louis.

Waldo G. Morse, of New York:

For the information of the gentlemen who have weathered the storm thus far I might say that there has been organized at this present meeting a Section of the American Bar Association which succeeds to the Conference of Delegates from state bar associations, previously existing. Under that organization every association in the country is entitled to send delegates to this Association. Now, that will accomplish much of what the gentleman who has last spoken has in mind.

I might say also that in the meetings of the Conference of Delegates from state bar associations there were presented various reports, one of which was favorably recommended to the effect that it was the opinion of the body that state bar associations should be incorporated; that the membership of the corporations should be co-extensive with the membership of the Bar in the states, and that proper legislation be further drafted for the accomplishment of such end. That step will go far toward obviating the necessity for certain of the proposals made at this meeting.

The Association then adjourned until 8 P. M.

The President:

THIRD SESSION.

Wednesday, August 25, 1920, 8 P. M.

It is the duty of the Chair to announce a change in the program for this evening. Secretary Lane, who was to have delivered an address this evening, is in the hands of his physician and unable to appear.

We are particularly obligated to Lord Cave for his very courteous acceptance of an invitation to take Secretary Lane's place and deliver an address. We welcome Lord Cave to our shores with

a degree of heartiness which cannot find a fit expression in words, but which will be manifested by the appreciation that we show him for the unusual consideration he has extended to us in coming here, leaving the Dominion of Canada for the purpose. It gives me very great pleasure to introduce to you Lord Cave, Lord Justice of Appeal, one of His Majesty's Privy Councillors and a member of the Judicial Committee.

Rt. Hon. Viscount Cave:

Will you allow me first to say how greatly I appreciate the courtesy and the honor which you have done me in asking me to address you this evening? Between those who have the good fortune to have as their life work the study of law there is a special freemasonry all the world over; and this sense of brotherhood nowhere exists in greater force than between British and American lawyers. Our systems of law are different in some respects having a common origin and common principles which are still precious to the liberties of self-governing men. And I trust, indeed, that the cordial relations which exist between the American and the English Bars, founded as they are on mutual understanding and mutual confidence, will never be shaken.

With reference to this evening's proceedings, a short explanation is due to you. When your President, Mr. Hampton L. Carson, communicated to me the wish of the American Bar Association that I should attend your annual meeting, he added that I should be expected to make a short speech at the banquet. I was not equipped with any material for an address; and it was only after I had landed in Canada, unarmed with law books or other juridical ammunition, that by a further letter from your President I was confronted with the more formidable task of giving a formal address at this meeting. In these circumstances you will forgive me if I do not attempt to discuss with you one of those abstruse problems of the law which cannot be attacked without a full and careful, investigation of the authorities or solved without a prolonged and serious argument. If I address to you a few words only upon a subject which is in all of our minds, I hope it will be of interest to us all. I propose then in the short time during which I shall claim your attention, to speak to you of the future of International Law.