Lapas attēli
PDF
ePub

REPRESENTATIVE COMMUNITY D.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTION.

Industrial significance of Community D-Households studied-Members of households for whom detailed information was secured-[Text Tables 215 to 218 and General Tables 168 and 169].

• INDUSTRIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF COMMUNITY D.

The following table shows the principal industries in Community D and the number of persons employed in each industry in 1909.

Principal industries and number of persons employed, Community D, 1909.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][subsumed][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

The figures of the above table are the result of a conservative estimate of the principal industries of Community Din 1909. There were, in the 38 establishments for which data are reported, 16,144 employees. These employees are classified in the table according to the industry of the establishment. It appears that 7,268 wage-earners, in 8 establishments, were engaged in the manufacture of woolen and worsted, that 3,025 wage-earners were employed in 11 handkerchief manufacturing establishments; that 2,100 wage-earners, in 5 establishments, were employed in the manufacture of cotton and dress goods, and that 1,102 wage-earners, in 2 establishments, were employed in the manufacture of rubber hose, belting, etc. There were 606 wage-earners in a single establishment for the dyeing of cotton and woolen goods and 523 wage-earners in a single establishment for the manufacture of calico prints. The industries of cigar making, the manufacture of tin cans and boxes, matches, wire and cables, leather goods, silk machinery, waxed paper and parchment, and compressed foods, occupied one or two establishments and employed from 100 to 400 wage-earners each.

It will be noted from the data presented that the manufacture of woolens and worsted was by far the most important industry of the community, and that by far the greater proportion of all the wageearners for whom information is given were employed in textile industries of one class or another.

HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

A total of 630 households, the heads of which were employed in the different industries of Community D, were studied in detail. The following table shows the number and percentage of households of each race studied.

TABLE 215.-Households studied, by general nativity and race of head of household. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS).

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][subsumed][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

Of the 630 households studied, 94.3 per cent of the heads are foreign-born, the rest native-born of foreign father. The 122 Ruthenian households form the largest proportion, 19.4 per cent, the the Magyars reporting a comparatively less proportion, and the Germans and South Italians less than 12 per cent. The Irish, Slovaks, and Hebrews form from 5.6 per cent to 9.7 per cent of the total, each other foreign-born race reporting less than 5 per cent of the whole. With the exception of the Dutch (who present the lowest proportion, or 1.7 per cent) and the Polish, the two native-born races, with 2.1 per cent of those born of German father, and a slightly larger proportion of those of Irish father, form the smallest individual proportions of the total.

MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLDS FOR WHOM DETAILED INFORMATION WAS SECURED.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the number and percentage of persons in the households studied and persons for whom detailed information was secured.

TABLE 216.-Persons in households studied and persons for whom detailed information was secured, by general nativity and race of head of household.

[blocks in formation]

Of 3,438 persons in the 630 households included in the above table, 95 per cent are foreign-born and the remainder native-born of foreign father. The Magyar and Ruthenian races constitute 15.1 per cent and 25.2 per cent, respectively, of the total number of foreign-born, the proportion of other races ranging from 9.6 per cent of the South Italian to 1.9 per cent of the Dutch. Detailed information was secured for all except 2 of the native-born of foreign father and for all except 8 of the foreign-born-the 8 foreign-born being made up of 6 Ruthenians and 2 Magyars.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the sex of persons for whom detailed information was secured:

TABLE 217.-Sex of persons for whom detailed information was secured, by general nativity and race of head of household.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][subsumed][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

In the preceding table 52 per cent of the 1,646 persons studied are females. The proportions of the foreign-born are almost exactly the same, while the difference in the proportions of the males and females of the native-born of foreign father is less marked. But five races, the native-born of German father, Dutch, Germans, North and South Italians, report a majority of males, and in the case of no race is the proportionate difference very great, the most striking differences being noticeable in the case of the Poles, of whom 60 per cent are females, and the South Italians, 59.8 per cent of whom are males.

In the table below the persons for whom detailed information was secured are shown, by sex and general nativity and race of individual. TABLE 218.-Persons for whom detailed information was secured, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][subsumed][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

Of the total number of persons for whom detailed information was secured 63.2 per cent are foreign-born, 33.9 per cent are native-born of foreign father, and 2.9 per cent native-born whites of native father. Of the foreign-born and native-born of native father information was secured for a slightly greater proportion of females than of males. Of the native-born of foreign father information was secured for a slightly greater proportion of males. Information was secured for a considerably larger proportion of Ruthenians and Magyars than of any other race.

CHAPTER II.

RACIAL DISPLACEMENTS.

History of immigration-Period of residence in the United States of members of immigrant households studied-Estimated population of Community D, in 1909, by race[Text Table 219 and General Table 170].

HISTORY OF IMMIGRATION.

Immigration to this community, on a large scale, began with the opening of the mills, in the period beginning with 1889 and still continuing. As early as 1847-1850, when a railroad was built, and in 1856, when a canal was constructed, Irish immigrants came to the community, but this immigration was never heavy. During the years which followed, Dutch, English, Irish, and Scotch immigrants arrived from other parts of the country, and from abroad, to work in the few woolen and worsted mills which were established from 1869 to 1889. This immigration was from the north of Europe and was a gradual immigration in no way to be compared with the sudden influx of races from southern and eastern Europe which came with the establishment of various industries.

Beginning, then, with the year 1889 as the initial year of immigration, the history of the immigration of each race is treated below according to the numerical position of that race in the population of the city at the present time. In each case only an approximation of numbers can be given, drawn from estimates made by priests, steamship agents, business men, and old residents. The Poles are the most numerous of the immigrant races in the community. While Poles have been in the city for a least twenty years, their number in 1896 amounted to but 500. That immigration from this source has been steady may be seen from the following figures of Polish population: 1897, 900; 1898, 700; 1899, 1,000; 1900, 1,400. The year of largest immigration, 1901, swelled the total to 2,000. The three years following averaged about 500 persons each, making the total population of this race in 1904 approximately 3,500. The years following saw a diminution in immigration, and up to the beginning of the panic in 1907 only 500 more were added to the population. During the panic (1907-8), as is the custom with all races in times of industrial depression, many returned to their homes, and but few ventured to come to this country. At present the Polish population is about 4,500. The work which these people do is almost entirely unskilled. Both men and women secure employment in the many textile and other manufacturing establishments of the community, the men as laborers or operators of machines and the women in the handkerchief factories and also in the woolen, worsted, and cotton mills. The race which stands second on the list of the foreign-born population is the Irish. As with the other English-speaking races, Irish immigration to the community has been relatively light since 1889. This immigration began as early as 1850,

« iepriekšējāTurpināt »