Well over half of our requested increase, or about $446,000, is needed for two purposes: (1) for a self-supporting business operation, and (2) to maintain the present level of the staff.

CATALOG CARD INCREASE

In the first instance, we need $187,000 for our work in distributing printed catalog cards which are in tremendous demand by other libraries, but all of this money will revert to the Treasury in the form of miscellaneous receipts.

MAINTAINING CURRENT LEVELS OF OPERATION

In the second instance, approximately $259,000 is needed to maintain the present level of operation. For several years the cost estimates presented to this committee to meet reclassification and ingrade increases for our staff have been less than actual expenditures. The Library has absorbed this differential as long as it could, but this year the rate of absorption has reached a prohibitive level, and we are therefore seeking a readjustment.

I personally exercise very close supervision over the reclassification of positions, and the soundness of this work has been confirmed through periodic audits by the Civil Service Commission. However, we have felt the impact of Government-wide revisions of position standards to which we are obligated, by law, to adhere.

Furthermore, while confirming the accuracy of our classification work, the Civil Service Commission has chided us for being somewhat tardy in the review of positions. We have made great efforts to accelerate this work, and this fact accounts, in part, for the need for reallocation funds. I am hopeful that in a year or two this situation will be much improved.

The appropriation, "Salaries and expenses, Libary of Congress," supports the principal operations of the Library proper, such as the acquisition and cataloging of books, public reference services in the Law Library and the Reference Department, and the overall Library administration and housekeeping services. Our increases here fall into four principal groups: (1) the problem of handling greater quantities of publications; (2) freeing subject and area specialists for increased professional duties through the provision of clerical assistance; (3) meeting the increasing complexities of laws and regulations as they apply to the Library; and (4) major developments in library technology.

NEW POSITIONS

For these purposes 38 new positions are requested, all of which are justified in detail in the book before you. At this point I merely wish to emphasize such matters as the explosive upward trend in world publishing; the doubling in the number of scientific journals every 10 years; the growing need for specialization at the professional level which makes it so necessary to have an adequate staff at the clerical and secretarial level in order that professional staff members may devote themselves more fully to their specialized duties; the need to keep abreast of the developments in the field of information retrieval, which was emphasized last year by the Senate Appropriations Committee; the necessity for studying methods of further mechanizing the substantive operations of the Library as well as its business operations in order to keep up with increasing complexities resulting from growing collections and from provisions of law which have made normally routine operations, such as payroll, more complex; and the increased need for reinforcing our legal staff because of these very complexities brought about by laws and regulations applicable to Federal operations.

MICROFILMING WORK

I urge your favorite consideration of the request for an additional $70,000 in our appropriation for the "General increase of the Library." Many older volumes can be preserved through rebinding, but to an increasing extent deteriorating materials can only be saved in another form, such as microfilm. This latter method offers a double attraction: (1) it preserves materials, and (2) the microcopy occupies so much less cubic footage that an important space saving is realized. For years, we have set aside a part of our book funds for microfilming, but now the need is so great that I must appeal for an augmented budget to help cope with this problem.

BOOKS FOR BLIND

This year I am requesting $60,000 increase for our program for supplying books to blind readers. Most of this money is designed for research and development to improve the talking book service.

LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE SERVICE

Except for a small amount requested to maintain the Legislative Reference Service staff at the same level, I request no increases for this program. But I am obligated to ask for a nonrecurring item under jurisdiction of the Legislative Reference Service; $34,000 is requested to permit the Library to carry out the provisions of Public Law 86-754, approved September 13, 1960, which authorizes and directs the Librarian of Congress to have prepared a revised edition of the Annotated Constitution of the United States of America, such revised edition to be printed as a Senate document.

SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM

I now come to that part of the estimates to be financed primarily with U.S.-owned foreign currencies under Public Law 480. This program, as you know from last year's hearing, was authorized in 1958, but the Congress declined to appropriate funds for it in 1959 and 1960. I have submitted a much reduced program in the hope that we may gain your favorable action and thereby permit the testing of the value of this undertaking to U.S. libraries. There is continuing widespread interest and concern among scholars and research institutions with respect to this program.

This country cannot maintain its position of leadership in ignorance of scientific work from, and information about, other areas of the world. U.S. libraries do not have the funds or the oversea machinery to insure adequate receipt of publications from countries whose book trade is vastly different from our own. We plead for this program both on the grounds of what it will do directly for Government libraries as well as for universities and research institutions throughout the country. What we present today is small in terms of the total need and the total availability of currencies excess to normal Government requirements, but even some improvement of this country's resources for research is important. I strongly urge your favorable consideration of this pilot effort.

Mr. Chairman, I again thank you for this opportunity to explain our needs, and I shall be glad to answer any questions the committee may have.

GROWTH OF LIBRARY COLLECTIONS

Mr. STEED. Doctor, it has been said that a library that does not grow ceases to be a library. Can you give us some summary of the overall volume of material that is flowing into the Library now in terms of pieces or publications or whatever other way you use to measure it?

Mr. MUMFORD. Yes, sir. The Library now numbers approximately 39 million pieces of material. This does not mean volumes in ordinary book form. It would include many materials not in conventional book form. It includes 16 million pieces of manuscript materials, primarily relating to American history. Approximately 12 million pieces are in the form of books and pamphlets. Last year we added 868,980 pieces to the collections.

Mr. STEED. Would it be possible for you to give us a short tabulation, say, for the last 2 or maybe 3 or 4 years, showing how these materials increase by categories?

Mr. MUMFORD. Yes, sir.

Mr. STEED. Could you provide that for the record?

Mr. MUMFORD. Yes, sir.

(The material requested follows:)

Additions to the collections of the Library, fiscal years 1957-60

Talking books for the blind.

Photographic negatives, prints, and slides.
Prints and reproductions (pieces).

ADDITIONAL SPACE REQUIREMENT

Mr. STEED. You made reference in your statement to the problem you have of trying to acquire some additional space. What is the present situation?

Mr. MUMFORD. As indicated in the preliminary statement, the General Services Administration was not able to find space available within a reasonable distance that would meet our weight-bearing capacities, and so it is arranging for a building to be constructed on the lease-purchase basis in Suitland.

Mr. Gooch, would you like to elaborate on the present status of it? Mr. Gooch. At the present time the General Services Administration is working toward the completion of specifications for the invitations to bid. It is estimated that the quarters will be ready for occupancy in February 1962, as closely as they can estimate at the present time. We have supplied them with the necessary data for the specifications. Beyond that it is a matter of the technicalities of contracting with a construction company.

Mr. STEED. What size will this space be and what major activities do you plan to place out at Suitland?

Mr. Gooch. The building itself will consist of a single floor of approximately 62,500 square feet in area to house the Card Division staff and card stock, the Government Printing Office Branch which prints the cards for the Library's catalogs and the Card Distribution Service, and a part of the collections of prints and photographs now occupying bookstack space in the Library Annex.

PROPOSED THIRD LIBRARY BUILDING

Mr. STEED. What does this do to the long-range plan for an additional building in the immediate vicinity of the present Library property?

Mr. MUMFORD. Mr. Chairman, as soon as the third building is constructed for the Library this activity would be brought back to the third building. This is a temperorary measure. It is a simple warehouse-type of building to meet these needs. I think I am correct that the General Servcices Administration will probably eventually own the building under the arrangements. Is that correct?

Mr. Gooch. Yes, sir.

Mr. STEED. Are you able to give us any information as to the status at this time of the plans for the new building?

Mr. MUMFORD. The Architect of the Capitol can give you a more detailed picture than I can, but, as you know, the Congress authorized the Architect to proceed with plans for the new building and appropriated money for this planning. The Architect has made arrangements with a group of architects who have been working with us on the details of the plan. Of course the Library itself, our staff, has spent a great deal of time in the last 2 or 3 years evaluating our needs and projecting them over a period of time and considering the reallocation of certain activities, a rearrangement of services and activities among the three buildings.

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SPACE RENTAL FUNDS

Mr. STEED. On page 2 of your statement, Doctor, you give us some information on your rentals. Could you detail that a little more specifically for us?

Mr. MUMFORD. I have a single sheet here which explains this. The 1961 appropriation was $211,400. It has remained unused, as explained in the preliminary statement, and will revert to the Treasury. In lieu of a request for the full year, we are submitting a revised request for rental for 6 months and the necessary staff, the moving costs, and the purchase of a truck, for a total of $159,200.

Mr. STEED. As I read this, generally speaking the moving costs and the truck cost would be nonrecurring?

Mr. MUMFORD. That is correct, sir.

Mr. STEED. But in a full year the items for the rental and the staff, since this is on a 6-month basis, would approximately double? Mr. MUMFORD. That is correct.

REALLOCATIONS OF POSITIONS

Mr. STEED. Can you give us a little more information on this matter of reallocation of positions? How much will be involved, all told, in that?

Mr. MUMFORD. The problem is this, Mr. Chairman: As is noted in the text on page 62, from year to year the general salary level of employees increases from a variety of causes apart from general Government salary increases. These causes include ingrade increases, wage board increases, and reallocations of positions and similar Classification Act actions.

During recent years Congress has generously granted requests made by the Library for increases justified on the basis of these causative factors. For example, $64,215 was authorized for fiscal 1959 under this appropriation head; $68,245 for 1960; and $77,244 for 1961.

However, an analysis of funds available to finance all the positions authorized by Congress indicates that the amounts requested in recent years to meet the cost of ingrades, wage board increases, and reallocations fall substantially short of meeting actual costs. This is due for the most part to the failure of the Library to recognize the impact of a somewhat accelerated reallocation program which was mandatory for the Library in view of clear findings of existing grade levels very much below levels existing elsewhere and very much below the levels authorized by classification standards.

The breakdown of the amount that we are requesting under "Salaries and expenses," $175,000, is on page 63 of the justifications. For projected increase in salary level for 1962 over 1961 due to ingrade increases, reallocatons, and wage board increases, we are requesting $100,000; and for reallocations to meet deficiencies resulting from reallocations in fiscal years 1959 and 1960 in excess of amounts appropriated therefor, we are requesting $75,000, making a total of $175,000.

As I have indicated in a general way, the Civil Service Commission has revised standards from time to time. And, as I have indicated, they have chided us for not reviewing positions more frequently to see that they were at the proper level. They make periodic audits,