also, in some ornamental type-faces, the outside shading.

bearer. (1) A strip of metal or wood locked in a form, or constituting part of the bed of a press: used to bear off the impression from the form. (2) A type or type-high strip or piece of metal used in blank spaces in matter that is to be cast, to furnish a support in shaving the plate. Called also guard. bearer-line. A dummy line, as of bearers, inserted to fill a blank space.

bed. The part of a printing-press which supports the

form, or a part from which work is fed to a machine. bevel. A bevel-edged slug, nearly type-high, used by

stereotypers to form the side flange of a plate. binder's title. The title lettered on the back of a book. bite. A white spot in an impression caused by something projecting between the type or plate and the paper.

blank line. A line of quadrats; a vacant or break-line. blanket. A smooth web or sheet of felt, india-rubber,

or other material, covering an impression-surface in order to give a smooth surface not hard enough to damage the type or plates.

bleed.

To cut into the printed part of a book in trimming. blind-tooling. In bookbinding, ornament impressed by heated tools.

block. A hard wood compound base on which thin printing-plates (as of illustrations) are held by clamps or nails for printing.

board. (1) A flat wooden slab used in bookbinding, as for burnishing, gilding, etc. (2) A pasteboard side for a book cover, especially when paper covered: used usually in the plural.

body. The size or depth of type as distinguished from its face or style.

bold-face. Same as FULL-FACE.

book-clamp. (1) A parallel vise for holding books in

process of binding. (2) A device for holding a number of books together tightly and carrying them.

book-plate. (1) An electrotype or stereotype of a page of a book. (2) An engraved label placed in a book to indicate ownership.

book-stamp.

covers.

A stamp designed for embossing book

boss. One of a number of projecting pieces of metal, usually ornamental, placed on the side of a book, to protect it from wear.

box. See CASE.

brayer. A roller mounted for use by hand as distinguished from one to be used on a press.

break-line. The last line of a paragraph when containing blank space.

broadside. A large sheet of paper, having a ballad, squib, personal statement, or other matter printed on one side; a broad sheet.

bronzing. A process in printing in which sizing and bronze powder are used instead of printer's ink.

burr.

A roughness or rough edge, especially one left on metal in cutting, casting, or subjecting it to other mechanical process; as, a burr on a plate.

cabinet. An enclosed rack or receptacle with small cases or drawers for display-type, cuts, etc.

cancel. (1) The striking or cutting out, omission, or suppression of a leaf, leaves, or any part of any printed matter or work. (2) One or more leaves cut out, or a leaf or leaves to be substituted for

those cut out. (3) Any printed matter substituted for that stricken out.

canceled type. A type the face of which is cast with a line across it, as some figures in mathematical works, or some silent letters in school-books.

cap. (1) In printing, a capital letter. (2) In bookbinding, the covering of the head-band or the envelope of a book while being bound.

card. To insert strips of card between words, letters, or lines, instead of using hair-spaces or leads: done in reference books where it is necessary to save space. caret. A sign (^) placed below a line, indicating where omitted words, letters, etc. should be inserted: sometimes inverted (V) and above the line. case. A wooden tray divided into compartments called boxes for keeping separate the letters of a font of type. Cases for body-type are made in pairs, called upper (or cap) case and lower case respectively. Other cases are named from their use-as, musiccase (for music-type), rule-case (for brass rules), job-case (for display-type used in job-work).

cast off. To estimate any type-space.

casting-box. In stereotyping, a cast-iron box in which casts are made.

catch-line. A short line in small type between two larger display-type lines.

catch-word. (1) A word so placed as to catch the attention; specifically, an isolated word or words at the top of the page of a reference book, as a dictionary: inserted as a guide to the words treated on the page. (2) Formerly, a word at the bottom of a page inserted to connect the text with the beginning of the next page.

catch-word entry. The registry of a book in a catalog

by some word in the title likely to be easily remembered.

ceriph. A hair-line; a light line or stroke crossing or projecting from the end of a main line or stroke in a letter, as at the top and bottom of the letter M. Gothic letters (M) have no ceriphs.

chapel. (1) The body of journeyman printers in a given

office: usually organized under a chairman, known in Great Britain as "the father of the chapel." (2) Formerly, a printing-house.

chase. A strong rectangular iron frame into which pages

of type are fastened, as for printing or stereotyping. clicker. The member of a companionship of composi

tors that distributes copy, makes up, etc.

collate. To examine, as the gathered sheets of a book to be bound for verifying and correcting the arrange

ment.

colophon. An inscription or other device formerly placed at the end of books and writings, often showing the title, the writer's or the printer's name, and date and place of printing.

column-rule. A thin brass strip, type-high, used to mark the divisions of columns.

composing. The setting of type.

composing-frame. A frame or stand for holding type

cases in a convenient position for use. Called also composing-stand.

composing-room. The room in a printing-office where the type is set.

composing-rule. A thin piece of type-high brass or

steel rule, cut to a required measure, but with a beak left at one or both of the upper corners used in setting and handling type.

composing-stick. A tray or receptacle of metal or

wood, capable of adjustment so as to vary the length of a line required, used by a compositor in setting the type that he takes from the cases. composition. The act or process of setting type. condensed. Thin in comparison to height: said of type. copy. Manuscript or printed matter to be set in type by a compositor.

copy-holder. A proof-reader's assistant, who aids in

comparing proof with copy for the detection of

errors.

correction. (1) The act of correcting or setting right; the noting or removing of an error or fault; rectification; emendation. (2) That which is substituted or offered as an improvement.

counter. That part of the face of a type which is de pressed in giving the character its form.

crushed. Pressed between metal sheets so as to smooth the surface of, and give finish to coarse-grained leather applied to books bound in morocco.

cut. A block upon which something is engraved, or an impression from it.

cut-in. Set at the side of a page within the space belonging to the regular text and displacing a part of the text, as a note.

cylinder. The rotating cylindrical portion of a printing

press.

dabber. A printer's inking-ball or pad.

deckle-edged. Having a rough edge; uncut said of

books.

dele. To take out: in proof-reading, represented by a sign directing a compositor to take out something that has been put in type. For sign, see page 61.