which runs from Seward on the Gulf of Alaska to Fairbanks in the interior. While Anchorage itself is located on an arm of Cook Inlet, supplies cannot be brought in by water because of the fact that those waters are full of ice in winter and subject to a 36-foot tide at all times. The port that serves Anchorage is Seward, which is connected to Anchorage by the Alaska Railroad. In this section there are many tunnels, snow-sheds and bridges, and in the vicinity of Tunnel, 51 miles from Seward, the railroad twists and turns in a very limited area passing over one wooden trestle after another. This area is ideal for sabotage. If one of these trestles should be set on fire, all supply north of Seward would be absolutely and definitely stopped for an extended period of time. Relocation of this railroad has been urged on several occasions by the commanding general, Alaska defense command, and the commanding general, Fourth Army, as a vital necessity to defense in Alaska. The funds in this estimate provide for construction of a new section of railroad that will eliminate the dangerous situation just discussed and will greatly improve the efficiency of the defense of Alaska. This is an urgent national defense requirement. Mr. WOODRUM. General Marshall, suggestion has been made of one or two alternatives, and particular note was made of the fact that the plan suggested here would virtually wipe off the map the town of Seward. Has the War Department given full consideration to all those facts in its deliberations on which of the plans should be carried through? General MARSHALL. I do not know of any other method we could take to avoid the hazards of the present situation. The details can be covered more specifically by General Moore and Colonel Ohlson. It is a very serious situation. MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS The Third Supplemental National Defense Appropriation Act, 1941, provided funds for the maintenance of the expanded Army of the United States including the National Guard in the Federal service and 800,000 selective trainees, a force, which, prior to the end of fiscal year 1941, will attain an enlisted strength of 1,418,000. In computing estimates of funds required for the maintenance of this large force peacetime experience figures used in computing estimates for the small Regular Army were applied. These experience factors were modified downward in several instances where the sum derived from their application appeared larger than was thought necessary for the requirement. It has developed that the experience factors utilized have not given the funds required for the maintenance of the large army. It should be remembered that at the time of the preparation of these estimates the expanded army was a paper army only. As this force developed requirements have arisen which were not previously visualized. The additional miscellaneous requirements herewith presented result largely from the causes stated. These estimates include: WELFARE OF ENLISTED MEN At the time of the preparation of estimates for the Third Supplemental National Defense Appropriation Act, 1941, the detailed method of handling the new soldier from the time of acceptance for military service until he reported for duty with the unit with which he was to serve had not completely crystallized. Since that time it has been found that welfare requirements had been underestimated and that there is required equipment for 29 recruit reception centers and 42 service clubs to be located at replacement centers, Air Corps stations, and camps with population in excess of 5,000 for which no provision had been made. This estimate also provides the hostesses and furnishings for the service clubs; the librarians, books, and periodicals for the libraries; and, in addition, a minimum of athletic equipment and facilities at recruit reception centers. Of the total funds requested, $500,000 is being advanced from fiscal year 1942 estimates and a corresponding reduction may be made in those estimates. MISCELLANEOUS OPERATING SUPPLIES This estimate makes provision for administrative equipment and supplies for recruit reception centers, for replacement centers, for four new quartermaster depots, and to meet additional general supply requirements. CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE The clothing and equipage estimate includes $50,700,000 for the liquidation of prior contract authorizations. On War Department request, this item was removed from our estimates for fiscal year 1942 by the Bureau of the Budget in order that we may meet payments on deliveries now being made under authority of this contract authorization. The remaining funds requested provide clothing and equipment for 19,300 enlisted men not included in the estimates previously submitted; provision for additional requirements, and also to replace unserviceable clothing and equipment in the hands of the National Guard on induction into the Federal service; and certain miscellaneous organizational equipment for which no previous estimates have been submitted. One example of the latter is scabbards for submachine guns of certain motor-vehicle drivers of the armored force. ARMY TRANSPORTATION The principal item other than the $101,595,929 previously mentioned for the procurement of motor vehicles is approximately $41,000,000 for water transportation. This provides for the procurement and operation of additional passenger and freight vessels and harbor boats; necessitated by 'augumentation of overseas and Alaska forces and for shipping personnel and supplies to the new Atlantic and Caribbean bases; for securing marine inspection and transport certificates for certain transports and harbor boats; for necessary pier equipment and supplies; for Degausing and arming transports and harbor boats in accordance with recommendations of the Navy. NATIONAL GUARD The funds requested provide the airplanes and equipment for an observation squadron recently allocated to the Territory of Alaska. The purpose of creating and extending Federal recognition to this unit is to take advantage of the experience and knowledge of the several capable civilian flyers, long residents of Alaska, who are now residing at Fairbanks and Anchorage. The knowledge of the territory and of its climate possessed by these men will be of inestimable value to the Army Air Corps in its development work in Alaska. The squadron, piloted by these seasoned, experienced pilots will be of great national defense value in this advanced outpost. REMOVAL OF RESTRICTIONS IN LANGUAGE IN CURRENT MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT APPROPRIATION ACTS There are certain restrictions in the language of current military appropriation acts which are hampering the development of the enlarged Army of the United States. Amended language is proposed which will correct the following: DUTY INVOLVING FLYING The numerous existing limitations on this subject have produced some incongruities, and we are suggesting a remedial provision which, it is believed, will commend itself to the committee. Members of the Officers' Reserve Corps may receive flying pay only for the performance of certain specified functions, among which are not included such functions as flight surgeons, radio men, photoggraphers, machine gunners, and similar duties. These Reserve officers are now serving in the Army of the United States under the same conditions, and should be entitled to the same allowances, as officers of the Regular Army, and accordingly we are recommending language to effect this purpose. CITIZENSHIP REQUIREMENTS Current appropriations require that individuals paid therefrom shall be citizens of the United States. Since the calling into the Federal service of National Guard organizations, it has developed that a few National Guard men have not secured their citizenship. The cases which have come to the attention of the Department were of men of British and Canadian birth who mistakenly considered themselves citizens, and who have not taken out their first papers. Only two instances have so far arisen, in both of which the discharge of the men would have placed an unmerited stigma on them in their communities. The Secretary of War directed that they be retained in the service subject to the enactment of legislation which is proposed in these estimates. Aliens who have taken out their first papers are subject to the provisions of the Selective Service Act and the action proposed with reference to National Guard men merely authorizes the retention in service of the same class of men provided the Secretary of War considers them worthy of retention in the military service. Mr. LUDLOW. About how many of those would there be, General? General MARSHALL. We have only developed two up to the present time. We do not know how many other cases there may be. EVACUATION OF DEPENDENTS OF MILITARY PERSONNEL FROM THE PHILIPPINES The Secretary of War has directed the commanding general, Philippine Department, to gradually evacuate the dependents of personnel of the Military Establishment on duty in the Philippine Commonwealth. The personnel whose dependents are being thus moved without their volition are remaining on duty in the Philippine Commonwealth. That is, the officer remains there; the family comes home. No authority of law exists for the travel of these dependents without the officer changing station at the same time, nor for the transportation of their household equipment to such place as may be selected for their sojourn pending the relief of the personnel and assignment thereof to station in the United States. You see, the officer himself has to be ordered to move before transportation for dependents can be provided. Language is accordingly being proposed which will authorize the Secretary of War until June 30, 1942, to move such dependents of personnel on duty at stations outside the continental limits of the United States and in Alaska to such locations as may be selected by the Secretary of War, and to utilize for this purpose either Government or commercial means of transportation. The urgency of this matter is indicated by the fact that two Army transports each carrying some dependents of personnel being retained in the Philippines are now under way from Manila to San Francisco. Authority should exist to evacuate these dependents beyond San Francisco at the time of their arrival thereat. For example, we have wives of soldiers in the first three grades who are entitled to get transportation, and those fellows do not have any extra money. Their wives are coming into San Francisco and we have no authority to take care of any of them. PROPOSED MERGING OF FUNDS UNDER MILITARY POSTS Funds for emergency construction have been provided during fiscal year 1941 under five different appropriation acts. The total amount provided for this purpose in these five acts is $609,425,525. In addition, there is now pending in the Fourth Supplemental National Defense Appropriation Act an appropriation of $675,283,000 for the same class of work, of which $15,202,466 is earmarked for land acquisition. Also, the $32,000,000 carried in the estimates before you is for similar construction. Deducting two amounts earmarked for specific purposes, namely, $29,500,000 obtained in the Third Supplemental National Defense Appropriation Act to reimburse the "emergency fund of the President" and $15,202,466 for the acquisition of land leaves a total amount of existing and pending appropriations of $1,272,006,059 available for the same purposes. The amounts now available are accounted for to the General Accounting Office as separate funds, and it is anticipated that the appropriations now pending, when made, must be similarly separately accounted for. Each fund is available for the same class of expenditures. The burden of administering these funds in the most effective and economical manner is necessarily very heavy. To require a separate accounting for each of the funds adds greatly to the burden of administration, and without the excuse of meeting any practical advantage to the Government in the way of control or otherwise. It is accordingly recommended that provision be made in the pending appropriation for construction to permit the consolidation into one fund of all the existing and pending appropriations of this character. A draft of appropriate language to this end will be presented for your consideration. This proposal has the informal approval of the Bureau of the Budget. The action which I propose does not in any way affect any appropriations for any projects of permanent construction which have heretofore been made. It does not reduce in any way the control which Congress has sought to establish in the expenditure of these appropriations, and the sole effect of it will be to simplify and expedite and administration of the funds. CONTEMPLATED INCREASE OF THE ARMY Mr. COLLINS. General, you stated that by July 1 the Army would approximate about a million and a half-about 1,430,000-and that there was contemplated a further increase of approximately 2,800,000. General MARSHALL. Not contemplated, sir. We have plans for such an expansion if further expansion becomes necessary. Mr. COLLINS. The fact that you are buying essential equipment makes that at least a debatable question? General MARSHALL. We are buying this equipment because of the length of time-about a year-which it takes to produce it under present conditions of the market. Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Taber has asked you to give us the data as to the million and a half by branches. General MARSHALL. Yes, sir. MECHANIZED TROOPS Mr. COLLINS. Now, I understand you have about two divisions, of approximately 9,000 men each, of mechanized troops, and that you contemplate an additional two divisions of 9,000 men each. Could you tell us how many of the 2,800,000 will be mechanized troops; how many divisions? General MARSHALL. Yes, sir. I think it is either eight or ten. It was ten at one time, but I think it has been changed to eight. Mr. COLLINS. In other words, you will carry about the same proportion which you are carrying now? General MARSHALL. Approximately that. Mr. COLLINS. Now, I do not know anything about these military subjects, but I have always understood that to go on the offensive with mechanized troops you should have a preponderance of three to one over the adversary. Now, if Germany has 14 divisions, do you think that 4 divisions of mechanized troops would be sufficient to go on the offensive? General MARSHALL. It depends on where you go, sir. sions are the number that we would have matériel for. limiting factor. Also Germany has many divisions. The four divi- Mr. COLLINS. I know; but you are not contemplating anything except the matériel for four divisions? |