Of all foreign-born employees only 5.9 per cent report one or more visits abroad. The proportion of females reporting one or more visits abroad is slightly higher than the proportion of the males. In comparing the visits abroad, by years foreign-born employees have been in the United States, it will be seen that the largest proportion who have visited abroad is of the group who have been in this country five to nine years. There is only a negligible difference in the proportions who have visited abroad of the groups here under five years or ten years or over. Males show a decreasing proportion reporting visits abroad as years of residence in the United States increase. Of the females, however, the largest proportion reporting visits abroad is in the group who have been here five to nine years; the smallest proportion so reporting is of the group who have been here less than five years.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES.

The age characteristics of the immigrant labor supply are considered in the table next submitted. This table shows by sex and general nativity and race of individual the percentage of employees within each specified age group.

TABLE 136.-Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

TABLE 136.-Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and general nativity and race-Continued.

The majority of the total number of employees are from 14 to 24 years old, a larger proportion being from 14 to 19 than from 20 to 24. The whites native-born of native father and the native-born of foreign father each show a proportion 14 to 19 years of age, exceeding that in any other age group. The native-born of Russian father, it should be noted, show 64.4 per cent from 14 to 19 years of age. The female employees are younger than the males. The greater proportion of the former are from 14 to 19 years of age. The male employees are distributed most largely in the age groups 35 to 44, 20 to 24, and 25 to 29. The majority of the male employees are 25 years of age

or over.

CHAPTER VI.

GENERAL PROGRESS AND ASSIMILATION.

Citizenship Ability to speak English-[Text Tables 137 to 140 and General Tables 83 to 85].

CITIZENSHIP.

The extent to which the foreign-born employees are manifesting an interest in political affairs and attaining citizenship may be seen from the following table, which shows by race the present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming:

TABLE 137.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

Of the total number of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States at least five years and who were 21 years of age or over when they came 45.5 per cent are fully naturalized and 19.8 per cent have first papers only.

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

The table next submitted shows, by sex and race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born employees of non-English-speaking races who were able to speak English.

TABLE 138.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

Of the total number of foreign-born employees 69.5 per cent speak English. While the greater proportion of every specified race speak English, it is more commonly spoken by the Russian Hebrews than the other specified races and less commonly by the South Italians. Every race shows a larger proportion of males who speak English than of females.

A comparison of the advancement of immigrant employees of nonEnglish-speaking races in the ability to speak English is made in the table below according to age at time of arrival in the United States. The presentation is according to sex, age at time of coming to the United States, and race of individual:

TABLE 139.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex, age at time of coming to the United States, and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 200 or more persons reporting. however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

The total,

Of the groups of foreign-born employees who were under 14 years of age at time of coming to the United States, 94.7 per cent speak English. Of the group who were 14 or over, 63.2 per cent speak English. Similarly, both males and females show a larger proportion who speak English of the group who were under 14 than of the group who were 14 or over. Age at time of coming to the United States, however, has a considerably greater effect on the extent to which English is spoken by the females than by the males.

The progress made by non-English-speaking races in acquiring the use of the English language after designated periods of residence in the United States is set forth in the following table, which shows, by sex, years in the United States, and race of individual the percentage of foreign-born employees of non-English-speaking races who were able to speak English.

TABLE 140.—Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex, years in the United States, and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 200 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all nonEnglish-speaking races.]

Hebrew, Russian..
Lithuanian..

Total.

MALE.

Of the group of foreign-born employees in the United States less than five years, a bare majority speak English. However, the proportion increases with years of residence in the United States until of the group ten years or over 90.1 per cent speak English. Similarly, the English-speaking proportion of both males and females increases with length of residence in this country.

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