fringement of copyright can be maintained in any work until the provisions of the law with respect to the deposit of copies and registration of such work shall have been complied with.1

The law provides that should these copies not be promptly deposited, the Register of Copyrights may at any time after the publication of the work, upon actual notice, require the proprietor of the copyright to deposit them, and after this demand shall have been made, in default of the deposit of the copies of the work within three months from any part of the United States, or six months from any outlying territorial possession of the United States, or from any foreign country, the proprietor shall be liable to a fine of $100, and to pay to the Library of Congress twice the amount of the retail price of the best edition of the work, and the copyright shall become void.

In case the books or other articles on which copyright is claimed are mailed to the Copyright Office, the postmaster to whom they are delivered will give a receipt for them, on re

1. In the case of works published in more than one part or volume, the title of each part or volume must be recorded as an independent work, and each requires its own separate deposit of copies and payment of fee.

quest, and will forward them to their destination without cost to the claimant.1

Manufacturing Provisions. The printed text of a book or periodical, except the original text of a book of foreign origin in a foreign language, which is accorded copyright protection, must be printed from type set by hand or machine within the limits of the United States, or from plates made within the limits of the United States, from type set therein, and if the text be produced by a lithographic or photo-engraving process, then by a process wholly performed within the United States; which requirements extend also to the illustrations within the book, if it consists of printed text and illustrations, and also to separate lithographs and photo-engravings.

Affidavit of American Manufacture. In the case of a book, the copies deposited in the Copyright Office must be accompanied by a sworn affidavit made by the person claiming copyright or by his duly authorized agent residing within the United States, or by the printer who has printed the book, setting forth that the copies deposited have been manufactured as specified; such affidavit must also state the place where, and the establishment in

1. Owing to the difficulty of insuring the receipt of two copies of a newspaper on or before the date of publication, it is always advisable to get the postmaster's receipt, to serve, in case of need, as evidence of the mailing of these two copies, "on or before the date of publication."

which the type was set or the plates made, where the printing and binding was done, and the date of completion of printing of the book, and the date of its publication.1

Penalty for False Affidavit. Any person who, for the purpose of obtaining registration of a claim of copyright, knowingly makes a false affidavit as to having complied with the conditions of manufacture, is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not more than $1,000, and all rights and privileges under said copyright will be forfeited.

Notice of Copyright. The notice of copyright required in the case of books consists either of the word "Copyright," or the abbreviation "Copr.," accompanied by the name of the proprietor and the year in which the copyright was secured by publication, which notice must be imprinted upon the title page or the page immediately following.2 (See, for example, the notice on page following title of this book.) But in the case of copies of works specified above under subsections (f) to (k), inclusive, the notice consists of the letter C enclosed within a circle, thus (C), accompanied

1. "Date of publication" means the earliest date when copies are placed on sale or publicly distributed by the proprietor of the copyright, or under his authority.

2. In a periodical, the notice must be either upon the title page or upon the first page of text of each number, or under the title heading.

by the initials, monogram, or other symbol of the proprietor, whose full name must appear on the margin, back, base, or other permanent and accessible portion of each copy.1

In works in which copyright is subsisting when this Act went into effect, the notice of copyright may be either in one of these forms, or in one of those prescribed by the previously existing Act.

In case of the accidental omission, or an error in the form of publication of the copyright notice, where the proprietor has sought to comply with the provisions of the law, this omission or error shall not invalidate the copyright or prevent recovery from infringement against any person who, after actual notice of

1. It is customary for the publisher to obtain the copyright when the book is printed and to have the legal notice printed in the book in his own name rather than in the name of the author, for various reasons, one of the principal of which is the protection of the copyright, as he is better able, as a rule, to give the matter proper attention than the author would be. This does not, however, affect the ownership of the copyright, which is determined by the agreement made between the author and the publisher. The publisher also attends to the copyrighting of the book in Great Britain and other foreign countries, when necessary. Many of the leading publishers have branch houses or agents in Great Britain which publish there all the works published by the house in the United States and also attend to the formalities of foreign copyright.

In Great Britain, copyright is secured by registration of title at Stationer's Hall, London, and by delivery of copies of the work free, to each of the great public libraries, as follows:

(1) British Museum, London.

(2) Bodleian Library, Oxford.

(3) Cambridge University Library.

(4) Advocate's Library, Edinburgh.

(5) Library of Trinity College, Dublin.

In addition to this, it is necessary to print on the title page of each copy of the book, "All Rights Reserved." The fees required are very low.

the copyright, begins an undertaking to infringe it; but it will prevent the recovery of damages against an innocent infringer who has been misled by the omission of the notice; and in a suit for infringement, no permanent injunction may be had unless the proprietor reimburses the innocent infringer his outlay innocently incurred, if the court so directs.

Ad Interim Copyright protection. Where a book is published abroad in the English language before publication in the United States, an ad interim copyright may be secured by the deposit in the Copyright Office, not later than thirty days after its publication abroad, of one complete copy of the foreign edition, with a request for a reservation of the copyright and a statement of the name and nationality of the author or proprietor, and of the date of publication of the book; and this ad interim protection will have the same force as given to legal copyright for thirty days after such deposit.

If, within this period, an authorized edition of the book is published within the United States, in accordance with the manufacturing conditions specified, and if the provisions regarding deposit of copies, registration, filing of affidavit, and the printing of the copyright notice have been complied with, the copyright will be extended for the full term of copyright protection.