The following table shows, by race of individual, the occupation of foreign-born females in the households studied before coming to the United States. The figures relate only to those who were 16 years of age or over at the time of their arrival.

TABLE 16.-Occupation before coming to the United States, of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOL

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of 207 foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States, it should be noted that none had any previous experience in sugar refining. Twenty-three and seven-tenth per cent were farm laborers without wages, and 1 per cent were farmers for profit. The Poles show a considerably higher percentage who were without occupation in Europe than do the Lithuanians and a slightly higher percentage who were working as farm laborers without wages.

The table next presented shows, by race of individual, the industrial condition, before coming to the United States, of foreignborn males in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over at time of arrival.

TABLE 17.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

The above table shows that of the 383 foreign-born males in this industry for whom information was obtained, 62.4 per cent worked

for wages, 24.8 per cent without wages, and 12 per cent for profit before coming to the United States, while the remaining 0.8 per cent were without occupation. None of the Germans or Lithuanians and only a very small proportion of Poles were without occupation abroad. Concerning the members of these same races who worked for wages, it may be noted that the proportion of Germans and Poles is considerably larger than the proportion of Lithuanians-the last named reporting 55.7 per cent, while of those working without wages the proportion of Poles is considerably less than the proportion of either the Lithuanians or Germans. None of the Germans worked for profit before coming to the United States, while the Lithuanians and Poles so employed show 11.4 per cent and 14.1 per cent respectively.

The following table shows, by race of individual, the occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born males in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over at time of arrival in this country.

TABLE 18.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

Of 383 males included in the foregoing table, 44.1 per cent were farm laborers for wages, 1 per cent general laborers, 7.3 per cent in hand trades, and 9.9 per cent in other occupations for wages, none having been employed in the industry in which they are now engaged. Less than 1 per cent were engaged other than as farm laborers without wages and only 1 per cent were engaged otherwise than as farmers for profit. While a larger proportion of the Germans than of the Lithuanians or Poles were in hand trades and other occupations. for wages, the reverse is true as regards those who were farm laborers or general laborers for wages.

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION OF IMMIGRANT EMPLOYEES BEFORE COMING TO THE UNITED STATES.

The table next presented shows, by race, the percentage of foreignborn male employees in each specified occupation before coming to the United States.

TABLE 19.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in each specified occupation before coming to the United States, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of the 4,635 male employees studied in the preceding table 82.7 per cent were engaged in farming or farm labor, general labor, and hand trades before coming to the United States. Less than 1 per cent were engaged in the sugar-refining industry and 6.7 per cent were engaged in other manufacturing. Only 2 per cent were independent tradesmen and 8.1 per cent were engaged in miscellaneous occupations, none of which are specified in this tabulation. No race studied reports more than 1.2 per cent of its members as having had experience in the industry in which they are now employed before coming to the United States, and each shows that the largest proportion of their number were either independent farmers or employed as farm laborers. A substantial proportion of each race were employed in hand trades and the proportion who were employed in factories ranges from 13.7 per cent of the German to 2.5 per cent of the Lithuanian. The German shows the largest proportion of those who were engaged in hand trades as well as of those in trade. The Irish shows the largest and the Slovak the smallest proportion who were employed as general (common) laborers, and the Irish, followed by the German, shows the largest and the Lithuanian the smallest proportion who were engaged in occupations other than those specified.

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF MALES AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the general occupation of males 16 years of age or over in the households studied.

TABLE 20.-General occupation of males 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Upon referring to the totals in the above table, it is seen that 79.3 per cent of the total number of foreign-born males of working age, in the households studied, are employed in the sugar-refining industry. All of the German and Lithuanian males 16 years of age or over, in the households studied, are at work. The Germans show the largest proportion engaged in sugar refining and the Lithuanians the highest percentage employed outside of the sugar-refining industry, while the Polish is the only race exhibiting a proportion at home or at school.

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF WOMEN AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The tabulation next submitted shows, by general nativity and race. of individual, the general occupation of females 16 years of age or over in the households studied.

TABLE 21.-General occupation of females 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

This table makes the significant showing that of the total number of foreign-born females 16 years of age or over in the households studied none are at school, while only 33.5 per cent are at home and the remainder are employed in various ways, by far the larger proportion, amounting to 48.9 per cent, being in domestic service. The Lithuanian and Polish females exhibit about the same proportion employed, while the Germans show a very much less tendency toward seeking employment, 80 per cent of the women of this race being at home, as contrasted with only 27.1 per cent of the Lithuanians and 29.4 per cent of the Poles.

WEEKLY EARNINGS.

The average amount and the range in the amount of the weekly earnings of employees are set forth in the table which immediately follows. This shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week.

TABLE 22.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF FMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

Of the 5,656 males 18 years of age or over employed in this industry 98.1 per cent earn $7.50 or over, 74.2 per cent $10 or over, 25.1 per cent $12.50 or over, 14.6 per cent $15 or over, 5.8 per cent $17.50 or over, and 2.3 per cent $20 or over per week. The foreign-born shows a larger proportion than the native-born of native father, which in turn shows a larger proportion than the native-born of foreign father earning $7.50 or over per week. The native-born of