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THE SUGAR REFINING INDUSTRY.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTION.

The growth of the industry-Households studied-Members of households for whom detailed information was secured-Employees for whom information was secured— [Text Tables 1 to 7 and General Tables 1 to 3].

THE GROWTH OF THE INDUSTRY.

The study of the sugar-refining industry was limited to the refineries of the eastern States engaged in the manufacture of sugar from sugar cane. During the past forty years the industry in this section has undergone a rapid growth, as may be readily seen from the table below, which sets forth the expansion of the industry in New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and in the United States as a whole during the period 1880 to 1905.

TABLE 1.-Growth of the sugar-refining industry in the United States and in each specified State, 1880 to 1905.

[Compiled from United States census reports, 1880 to 1905.]

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The expansion in the operating forces of the sugar refineries in New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and the United States as a whole during the twenty-five years, 1880-1905, is shown in the table next presented.

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TABLE 2-Number of employees in sugar refineries in the United States and in each specified State, 1880 to 1905.

¿Compiled from United States census reports, 1880 to 1905.]

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A total of 194 households, the heads of which were employed in the industry, were studied in detail. The following table shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the households studied:

TABLE 3.-Households studied, by general nativity and race of head of household. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

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Classified according to race of head, 54.6 per cent, or more than one-half, of the households studied were Polish, 31.4 per cent were Lithuanian, and 13.9 per cent were German.

MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLDS FOR WHOM DETAILED INFORMATION WAS SECURED.

The table below shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the persons in households studied and the persons for whom detailed information was secured.

TABLE 4.—Persons in households studied and persons for whom detailed information was secured, by general nativity and race of head of household.

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In the households studied there were 1,046 persons. Of these 53.6 per cent were in Polish households, 35.6 per cent were in Lithuanian households, and 10.8 per cent were in German households. Of the persons for whom detailed information was secured 53.5 per cent were in Polish households, 35.4 per cent were in Lithuanian households, and 11 per cent were in German households.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the sex of persons for whom detailed information was secured:

TABLE 5.-Sex of persons for whom detailed information was secured, by general nativity and race of head of household.

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Of the persons for whom detailed information was secured 60.3 per cent are males. The proportion of males is largest in the Polish households, second largest in the German households, and smallest in the Lithuanian households.

The table next presented shows, by sex and general nativity and race of individual, the persons in the households studied for whom detailed information was secured.

TABLE 6.-Persons for whom detailed information was secured, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

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Of the persons for whom information was secured only a fraction of 1 per cent of the males and none of the females are native-born of native father, 26.9 per cent of the males and 37.1 per cent of the females are native-born of foreign father, and 72.9 per cent of the males and 62.9 per cent of the females are foreign-born. The foreignborn thus outnumber the native-born in a proportion of more than 2 to 1. The Poles and Lithuanians, in the order mentioned, have the largest representation among the employees native-born of foreign father and foreign-born, both males and females. None of the males, and only a fraction of 1 per cent of the females, are of Irish or English birth.

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