Less than 2 per cent of the males 6 and under 16 years of age for whom information was secured are at work, 5.6 per cent are at home, and 92.8 per cent are at school. The proportion of male children at school is considerably larger for the native-born of native father than for either the foreign-born or the native-born of foreign father, while of the native-born of foreign father the Dutch have the largest and the Poles the smallest proportion of individuals reported at school. The percentages for the females 6 and under 16 years of age show the same relative tendency as are exhibited by the percentages for the males. The proportion of foreign-born reported at school is considerably smaller and the proportion of native-born of Polish father reported at home is considerably larger in the case of the females than in the case of the males. It will be noted, further, that 10.7 per cent of the Swedish girls of the second generation, as against only 1.6 per cent of the Swedish boys of the second generation, are at work.

CITIZENSHIP.

As regards interest in and the attainment of citizenship by the operatives of foreign birth, the following table shows, by race of individual, the present political condition of foreign-born male employees who had been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to this country:

TABLE 71.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

The foregoing table shows that 55.1 per cent of the foreign-born male employees, for whom information was secured, are fully naturalized, and that 29.8 per cent have first papers only. Of the races for which the percentages are given, the Swedes and Germans show the largest proportion of fully naturalized individuals, and the Poles and Dutch the largest proportion having first papers only.

The disposition to acquire citizenship after designated periods of residence in this country is set forth in the following table, which shows, by years in the United States and race of individual, the present political condition of foreign-born male employees who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States:

TABLE 72.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States, by years in the United States and

race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of the male employees who have been in the United States from five to nine years, for whom information is contained in this table, 14.2 per cent are fully naturalized and 45.7 per cent have first papers only, while 70.1 per cent of the males who have been in the United States ten years or over are fully naturalized, and 24 per cent have first papers only. The proportion of those who are fully naturalized increases, for all the races, with length of residence in the United States. On the other hand, the Poles report a larger proportion of individuals in the United States ten years or over than of individuals in the United States from five to nine years who have first papers only.

The table next presented shows, by race of individual, the present political condition of foreign-born males in the households studied who had been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to this country.

TABLE 73.-Present political condition of foreign-born males who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

The following table shows that 71.7 per cent of the males who have been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, for whom information was secured, are fully naturalized, and that 18.3 per cent have first papers only. A larger proportion of the Swedes than of the Dutch or Poles are fully naturalized, while a considerably larger proportion of the Poles than of the Swedes or Dutch have first papers only.

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

As regards ability to speak English, the following table shows, by sex and general nativity and race of individual, the per cent of persons 6 years of age or over in the households studied who can speak English.

TABLE 74.-Per cent of persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all non-English-speaking races.]

Of the 1,281 persons for whom information was obtained, 90.5 per cent speak English-the foreign-born reporting 80.4 per cent, as compared with 99.1 per cent of the native-born of foreign father. It will be noted that the proportion of males who speak English, based upon the total number of persons, is slightly in excess of the proportion of females. This statement, it will be noted, is equally true of the foreign-born, while of the native-born of foreign father the proportion of females who speak English slightly exceeds the proportion of males. Among the foreign-born all Germans, both males and females, speak English, and are followed, as regards the males, by the Dutch, Swedes, Lithuanians, and Poles, while, as regards the females, the position of the Lithuanians and Poles is reversed. As compared with the females of the other races, the proportion of Lithuanians who speak English is very low. Among the persons native-born of foreign father only 3.9 per cent of the Poles are unable to speak English-the proportion of females being slightly smaller than that of the males. With this exception the other races, native-born of foreign father, each show 100 per cent of both males and females who speak English.

The following table shows, by race, the percentage of foreign-born employees of non-English-speaking races who speak English:

TABLE 75.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak English, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

Of the foreign-born male employees for whom information is given in the preceding table, 78.9 per cent can speak English. The proportion of employees who are able to speak English is largest for the Germans, Dutch, and Swedes, in the order mentioned, and smallest for the South Italians.

The progress of younger and older immigrants in acquiring ability to speak English, according to age at time of arrival in this country, is considered in the table next submitted, which shows, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons in the households studied, 6 years of age or over, who could speak English.

TABLE 76.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

Of the individuals who came to the United States when under 14 years of age, 96 per cent can speak English as against only 72.4 per cent who came here when 14 or over. All of the Dutch, Germans, and Swedes who came to the United States when under 14 and all of the Germans who came when 14 years old or over can speak English. The proportion of individuals who came here when 14 or over who were able to speak English is smallest for the Lithuanians and Poles and smaller for the Swedes than for the Dutch.

The progress made by persons of non-English-speaking races in acquiring ability to speak English, after designated periods of residence in this country, is set forth in the following table, which shows, by years in the United States and race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons in the households studied 6 years of age or over who could speak English.

TABLE 77.—Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by years in the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all nonEnglish-speaking races.]

The above table shows that ability to speak English increases, in general, with length of residence in the United States. The proportion of individuals who have been in the United States under five years who speak English is largest for the Dutch and Swedes and smallest for the Lithuanians. Of individuals in the United States from five to nine years all of the Germans and a much larger proportion of the Swedes and Dutch than of the Lithuanians and Poles can