TABLE 66.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

MALE.

Per cent within each specified age group.

data.

Under 6. 6 to 13. 14 and 15. 16 to 19. 20 to 29. 30 to 44. 45 or over.

Of the 1,745 persons studied above, 23.8 per cent are 6 to 13 years of age, and lower proportions 30 to 44 and under 6. The same relative proportions are true of the native-born of foreign father and of the foreign-born, but the largest proportion of the native-born of native father are 30 to 44 years of age. The majority of the Swedish females and of the native-born of native father, whether male or female, are 20 years of age or over, the majority of each sex in every

other race being less than 20. The majority of the Lithuanians and Poles, indeed, are less than 15 years of age. The totals merely confirm these statements.

The next presented table shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of male employees within each specified age group:

TABLE 67.-Per cent of male employees within each age group, by general nativity and race. (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

It appears from the data presented in the above table that none of the male employees for whom information was secured are under 14 years of age; 11.4 per cent are from 14 to 19; 14.7 per cent are from 20 to 24; 13.6 per cent are from 25 to 29; 12.2 per cent are from 30 to 34; 21.1 per cent are from 35 to 44; 15.7 per cent are from 45 to 54, and 11.3 per cent are 55 or over. The proportion of individuals from 20 to 34 years of age is largest for the native-born of foreign father and slightly larger for the foreign-born than for the native-born of native father, and the proportion of individuals from 35 to 44, from 45 to 54, and 55 or over, respectively, is largest for the foreign-born, second in rank for native-born of native father, and smallest for the native-born of foreign father. Of the foreignborn, the Lithuanians, Poles, and South Italians have the largest, and the Germans and the Canadians other than French have the smallest proportion of individuals from 20 to 24, from 25 to 29, and from 30 to 34, respectively. The proportion of individuals from 35 to 44, from 45 to 54, and 55 or over, respectively, is largest for the Germans, Canadians other than French, Dutch, and Swedes.

CHARITY, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

The following table shows the number and percentage of persons involved in cases assisted in Grand Rapids, Mich., by general nativity and race of head of case:

TABLE 68.-Number and per cent of persons involved in cases assisted in Grand Rapids, Mich., by general nativity and race of head of case.

Of 1,252 persons involved in cases assisted in this locality, the largest proportion, or 43.1 per cent, are native whites born of native father, and the smallest proportion, or 1.1 per cent, are native negroes born of native father, 36.8 per cent and 19.8 per cent being foreignborn and native-born of foreign father, respectively. Of the foreignborn races showing a proportion in excess of 1 per cent, the Poles show the largest and the Canadian French the smallest.

CHAPTER VII.

GENERAL PROGRESS AND ASSIMILATION.

Tendency of immigrants to settle permanently-Ownership of homes-Status of children in the households studied-Citizenship-Ability to speak English-General progress of immigrants in Grand Rapids, Mich.-Americanization-[Text Tables 69 to 79 and General Tables 42 to 50].

TENDENCY OF IMMIGRANTS TO SETTLE PERMANENTLY.

A tendency is noted among all the immigrant races found in the city to remain as permanent residents. The only exceptions that can be made in this regard are seen in the case of the Magyars and Slovaks, who are reported to be slowly leaving the community, and the South Italians, who compose the shifting element of the foreign population.

OWNERSHIP OF HOMES.

Home ownership by families, the heads of which were of foreign birth, may be considered a strong indication of permanent settlement, and the facts in this connection relative to the families, whose heads were employed in the furniture-manufacturing industry, are set forth in the following table, according to general nativity and race of head of family:

TABLE 69.-Number and per cent of families owning home, by general nativity and race of head of family.

The foregoing table shows that 61 per cent of the families for which information was secured own their homes. The proportion of families owning homes is largest for the native-born of foreign father, slightly smaller for the foreign-born, and very much smaller for the nativeborn of native father. Of the foreign races, the Dutch have the largest and the Lithuanians the smallest percentage of families which own homes.

STATUS OF CHILDREN IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The status of children in the households studied may be seen in the following table, which shows, by sex and general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of children 6 and under 16 years of age who were at home, at school, and at work.

TABLE 70.-Per cent of children 6 and under 16 years of age at home, at school, and at work, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more children reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]