coming to this country, while none of the South Italian and the Cuban female employees were thus engaged. DAILY EARNINGS. The average amount and the range in the amount of the daily earnings of employees are set forth in the following series of tables. The first table submitted shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per day. TABLE 19.—Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per day, by general nativity and race.* (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The total, however, are for all races.] General nativity and reporting complete data. race. Per cent earning each specified amount per day. per day. $1 or $1.25 or $1.50 or $1.75 or $2 or $2.50 or $3 or $3.50 or This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year. Of 16,340 male employees 18 years of age or over shown in the above table, 93.2 per cent earn $1 or over per day, 81.4 per cent earn $1.25 or over, 69 per cent earn $1.50 or over, 51.7 per cent earn $1.75 or over, 46.1 per cent earn $2 or over, 25.1 per cent earn $2.50 or over, 13.1 per cent earn $3 or over, and 5.1 per cent earn $3.50 or over per day. The average daily earnings of all employees reporting is $1.92 per day. The employees who are native-born of foreign father show the highest percentage, earning $1 or over per day, followed in the order named by the native whites born of native father, the employees of foreign birth and the native negroes born of native father, the negroes showing considerably smaller proportions than the other nativity groups. The employees who are native-born of foreign father also show a higher percentage, earning $1.25 per day, the employees of foreign birth, those who are native whites born of native father, and the negro employees who are native-born of native father, 48296°-VOL 15—11- 4 follow in the order mentioned. The employees of foreign birth show the highest percentage, earning each of the other specified amounts per day followed by the employees who are native-born of foreign father, the native whites born of native father, and the negroes who are native-born of native father follow in the order mentioned. The foreign-born employees show average daily earnings of $2.21, as contrasted with $2.20, which is the average daily earnings of the employees who are native-born of foreign father, $1.97, which is the average daily earnings of native whites born of native father, and $1.23, which is the average daily earnings of the negroes. Of the employees who are native-born of foreign father those whose fathers. were born in Cuba show the highest percentage earning each specified amount per day. Of the foreign-born employees the Cubans report the highest percentage earning $1 or over, $1.50 or over, and $1.75 or over per day, and the Irish the highest percentage earning $1.25 or over. The Greeks show the lowest percentage, earning $1 or over and $1.25 or over, and the Magyars the lowest percentage earning $1.50 or over and $1.75 or over per day. The Spanish employees show the highest percentage earning $2 or over, $2.50 or over, $3 or over, and $3.50 or over per day. The Magyars show the smallest percentage earning $2 or over, the Poles the smallest percentage earning $2.50 or over, while none of this race earn $3 or over, and none of the Greeks earn $3.50 or over. Of the native-born of foreign father those whose fathers were born in Cuba show average daily earnings of $2.49, the employees whose fathers were born in Germany and Ireland showing average daily earnings of $2.16 and $2.13, respectively. Of the foreign-born employees the Spanish show average daily earnings of $2.56, while the Magyar employees show average daily earnings of $1.22. The table next submitted shows, by locality and by general nativity and race, the average earnings per diem of male employees 18 years of age or over engaged in the manufacture of cigars and tobacco. TABLE 20.-Average earnings per day of male employees 18 years of age or over engaged in the manufacture of cigars and tobacco, by locality and by general nativity and race.* (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting in each of two or more localities. The totals, however, are for all races.] *This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary loss time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year. The total number of males 18 years of age or over employed in the cigar and tobacco manufacturing industry earn an average of $1.92 a day. Of the different nativity groups the foreign-born shows the highest and the native negro born of native father the lowest average earnings. Comparing the different localities, the native whites born of native father show the highest average earnings in the East, while the native negroes born of native father show the highest average earnings in the East and the lowest in the South, and the foreign-born show the highest average earnings in the South and the lowest in the East. The native whites born of native father show the highest and the foreign-born the lowest average earnings in the East. The native-born of foreign father report the highest average earnings in the Middle West and the foreign-born the highest in the South, the native negroes born of native father showing the lowest average earnings in each instance. The next table presented shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of female employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per day. TABLE 21.-Per cent of female employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per day, by general nativity and race.* (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [This table includes only races with 80 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year. Of 12,390 females in the cigar and tobacco industry for whom information was secured, 65.5 per cent earn $1 or over per day, 37.5 per cent earn $1.25 or over, 21.7 per cent $1.50 or over, 10.3 per cent $1.75 or over, 7.2 per cent $2 or over, and 1.9 per cent earn $2.50 or over per day. As regards the different nativity groups, more than 75 per cent of persons native-born of foreign father and of whites native-born of native father and slightly less than this proportion of the foreign-born earn $1 or over per day, while only 20.7 per cent of the native negroes born of native father earn this amount. There is no marked difference in the earnings of the native-born of foreign father, native-born of native father, and foreign-born earning each specified amount per day from $1.50 to $2.50 or over, but each of the groups mentioned shows a very much larger proportion earning each specified amount than the native negroes born of native father. Of the different foreign-born races the Spanish show a larger proportion earning each specified amount per day than any other race, except in the case of those earning $1.25 or over per day, All races show more than 50 per cent earning $1 or over per day, and all except the Russian Hebrew less than 50 per cent earning $1.25 or over per day. The following table shows, by locality and by general nativity and race, the average earnings per diem of females 18 years of age or over engaged in the manufacture of cigars and tobacco: TABLE 22.-Average earnings per day of female employees 18 years of age or over engaged in the manufacture of cigars and tobacco, by locality and by general nativity and race.* (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [This table includes only races with 80 or more females reporting in each of two or more localities. The totals, however, are for all races.] * This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year. a Not computed, owing to small number involved. The total number of females 18 years of age or over employed in this industry earn an average of $1.15 a day. Of the different nativity groups the native-born of foreign father shows the highest and the foreign-born the lowest average earnings per day. Of the total number employed in each locality it is seen that the average earnings of those in the Middle West is the highest and is lowest for those in the South. Of the different nativity groups the foreignborn shows the lowest average earnings in the East and the Middle West and the native-born of foreign father the lowest in the South. The native-born of native father and the native-born of foreign father showing the same average earnings in the East. The nativeborn of foreign father show the highest average earnings in the Middle West and the foreign-born the highest average earnings in the South. The following table shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per day: TABLE 23.-Per cent of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per day, by general nativity and race. * (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] *This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year. The preceding table shows that of 2,177 male employees 14 and under 18 years of age, 49.3 per cent earn $1 or over per day, 25.5 per cent earn $1.25 or over, 16 per cent earn $1.50 or over, 8.6 per cent earn $1.75 or over, 7.1 per cent earn $2 or over, and 1.7 per cent earn $2.50 or over per day. The average daily earnings of all male employees reporting is $1.07. The employees of foreign birth show a higher percentage earning each specified amount per day than the native-born of foreign father, the white employees, native-born of native father and the native negroes, born of native father, which follow in the order named. The foreign-born employees show the highest average daily earnings, which is $1.73, the employees who are native-born of foreign father follow with average daily earnings of $1.25, the employees who are native whites, born of native father, show average earnings per day of 97 cents and the negro employees who are native-born of native father show average earnings per day of 77 cents. Of the employees who are native-born of foreign father, those whose fathers were born in Ireland show a higher percentage than the employees whose fathers were born in Germany, earning $1 or over, $1.25 or over, $1.75 or over, and $2 or over per day. employees whose fathers were born in Germany show a higher percentage than those whose fathers were born in Ireland, earning $1.50 or over per day, while the employees of German parentage show The |