TABLE 14.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by locality and by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting in each of two or more localities. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of the total number of persons employed in the cigar and tobacco factories studied, 46.6 per cent have been in the United States less than five years, 73.1 per cent under ten years, and 89.5 per cent under twenty years. Approximately the same proportion of the total number of employees in the East or Middle West have been in the United States less than five years, while the proportion employed in the South is considerably smaller. Only a slight difference is shown between the proportions of the total number of those who have been in the United States under ten years employed in each specified locality. Of those in the United States under twenty years the proportion of the total number employed in the East and South is approximately the same, while the proportion employed_in_the Middle West is slightly smaller. The Germans and South Italians show that the larger proportion of their number employed in the East and the smaller proportion of those employed in the South have been in the United States under ten years; the Greeks and Poles being too small for computation in the South, and showing a slightly larger proportion in the Middle West than in the East. All of the Greeks, 97.8 per cent of the South Italians and Poles, and 74 per cent of the Germans employed in the East have been in the United States under twenty years. The Greeks and Germans again show the largest and smallest proportions, respectively, in the Middle West. Of the

South Italians 97.8 per cent who are employed in the East have been in the United States under twenty years, as compared with 98 per cent of those employed in the South.

RACIAL CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AT THE PRESENT TIME.

The series of tabulations next presented exhibit the racial composition of the operating forces at the present time. The table which is first presented in this connection and which immediately follows shows, by sex, the number and percentage of employees of each race for whom information was secured. The accompanying chart shows the number of employees of each general nativity for whom detailed information was secured, by sex.

TABLE 15.-Employees of each race for whom information was secured, by sex.

TABLE 15.-Employees of each race for whom information was secured, by sex-Con.

The foregoing table shows that of 36,564 employees for whom information was secured, 32.6 per cent are of foreign birth, 15.5 per cent are native-born of foreign father, 31.4 per cent are native whites born of native father, and 20.6 per cent are native negroes born of native father. The native whites born of native father and the native employees born of foreign father show a considerably higher percentage of females than of males, while the negroes who are native-born of native father and the foreign-born employees show a higher percentage of males than of females. Of the employees native-born of foreign father, those whose fathers were born in Germany show the highest percentage of both males and females and 6.2 per cent of the total number of employees for whom information was secured. The employees whose fathers were born in Ireland show the next highest percentage, while no employees whose fathers were born in other specified countries show over 2 per cent of the total number for whom information was secured. Of the foreign-born employees, the Cubans show the highest percentage, followed by the Spanish and the South Italian employees in the order named, while no employees who are of other specified races show over 3 per cent of the total number for whom information was secured.

The following table shows, according to sex, the geographical distribution of the several races employed:

TABLE 16.-Race of employees for whom information was secured, by locality and by sex; per cent distribution.