UNDER 5 YRS.

It appears from the data presented in the foregoing table that of the 7,552 male employees for whom information was secured, 41.7 per cent have been in the United States under five years, 29.7 per cent from five to nine years, 9 per cent from ten to fourteen years, 7.6 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, and 12 per cent twenty years or over. The proportion of males who have been in this country under five years is largest for the Magyars, Greeks, and Russians, and smallest for the Germans, Irish, and English; the proportion of males who have been here from five to nine years is largest for the Spaniards, South Italians, Cubans, North Italians, and Poles, in the order mentioned, and smallest for the Irish, Germans, and Magyars; and the proportion of males who have been here from ten to fourteen years is largest for the South Italians, Russian Hebrews, and North Italians, in the order mentioned, and smallest for the Magyars, Germans, and Greeks. The English, Germans, and Bohemians and Moravians, in the order mentioned, show the largest proportion of males who have been in this country from fifteen to nineteen years, and the Irish, Germans, English, and Bohemians and Moravians show the largest proportion of males who have been here twenty years or over. Of the females for whom data are presented in the table, 55.4 per cent have been in the United States under five years, 20.8 per cent have been here from five to nine years, 8.7 per cent have been here from ten to fourteen years, 7.3 per cent have been here from fifteen to nineteen years, and 7.9 per cent have been here twenty years or over. It will be noted that a considerably larger proportion of females than of males have been in this country under five years. The Magyars, Slovaks, and Greeks, in the order mentioned, have the largest, and the Irish, English, and Bohemian and Moravian the smallest proportion of females who have been here under five years, and the South Italians, North Italians, and Russians, in the order mentioned, have the largest, and the Magyars and Germans the smallest proportion of females who have been here from five to nine years. The proportion of females who have been here from ten to fourteen years is largest for the North Italians, South Italians, and English, in the order mentioned; the proportion of females who have been here from fifteen to nineteen years is largest for the Bohemians and Moravians and the English, in the order mentioned; and the proportion of females who have been here twenty years or over is largest for the Irish, Germans, English, and Bohemians and Moravians, in the order mentioned.

The table next presented shows, according to locality and race, the percentage of foreign-born employees who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 14.—Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by locality and by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting in each of two or more localities. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of the total number of persons employed in the cigar and tobacco factories studied, 46.6 per cent have been in the United States less than five years, 73.1 per cent under ten years, and 89.5 per cent under twenty years. Approximately the same proportion of the total number of employees in the East or Middle West have been in the United States less than five years, while the proportion employed in the South is considerably smaller. Only a slight difference is shown between the proportions of the total number of those who have been in the United States under ten years employed in each specified locality. Of those in the United States under twenty years the proportion of the total number employed in the East and South is approximately the same, while the proportion employed in the Middle West is slightly smaller. The Germans and South Italians show that the larger proportion of their number employed in the East and the smaller proportion of those employed in the South have been in the United States under ten years; the Greeks and Poles being too small for computation in the South, and showing a slightly larger proportion in the Middle West than in the East. All of the Greeks, 97.8 per cent of the South Italians and Poles, and 74 per cent of the Germans employed in the East have been in the United States under twenty years. The Greeks and Germans again show the largest and smallest proportions, respectively, in the Middle West. Of the

South Italians 97.8 per cent who are employed in the East have been in the United States under twenty years, as compared with 98 per cent of those employed in the South.

RACIAL CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AT THE PRESENT TIME.

The series of tabulations next presented exhibit the racial composition of the operating forces at the present time. The table which is first presented in this connection and which immediately follows shows, by sex, the number and percentage of employees of each race for whom information was secured. The accompanying chart shows the number of employees of each general nativity for whom detailed information was secured, by sex.

TABLE 15.-Employees of each race for whom information was secured, by sex. (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)