and the Cubans the smallest. As compared with the South Italians, the percentage of Cubans and Spaniards working for profit is low. The following table shows, by race of individual, the occupations before coming to the United States of foreign-born males in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over at time of arrival:

TABLE 130.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

Of the 147 males for whom information was obtained 78.9 per cent worked for wages, 10.9 per cent without wages and 8.2 per cent for profit. Of those working for wages the proportion employed in the cigar and tobacco industry was in excess of the proportion in all other occupations, specified or otherwise, combined; the proportion in occupations not specified slightly exceeds the proportion employed as farm laborers. The proportion in hand trades and the proportion employed as general laborers constitute only a small part of those working for wages. As between the several races, it will be noted that almost the entire percentage of Cubans who worked for wages, as compared with 47.2 per cent of the Spaniards, were in the cigar and tobacco industry before coming to the United States. On the other hand, the South Italians show not even the smallest proportion with a previous knowledge of the industry in which they are now employed. A larger proportion of the South Italians were employed as farm laborers than in any other specified occupation, while the next larger proportion, or 24.5 per cent, were employed in occupations other than specified. Only a very small proportion of the Cubans were in occupations other than specified or in hand trades, and none were employed as farm or general laborers. The Spaniards show a proportion employed in occupations other than specified slightly below that of the South Italians. Of those working without wages none of the Cubans and only 1.9 per cent of the South Italians, as compared with 15.1 per cent of the Spaniards, were employed as farm laborers. The proportion employed in other occupations vary little from the proportion shown in the total. As regards those working for profit, it will be noted that no Cubans and only small but equal proportions of South Italians and Spaniards were farmers. In other occupations, however, the proportion of South Italians largely exceeds that of the Cubans.

The next table presented shows, by race of individual, the industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born females in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over at time of arrival in this country:

TABLE 131.—Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.}

Of the 104 females studied in this industry 81.7 per cent were without occupation and 17.3 per cent worked for wages before coming to the United States. None worked for profit, and only 1 per cent worked without wages. It will be noted from the above table that the proportion of Cubans without occupation is in excess of the proportion of South Italians in exactly the same ratio that the proportion of South Italians working for wages exceeds that of the Cubans. It will also be noted that neither the Cubans nor the South Italians worked without wages or for profit before coming to the United States.

In the following table the occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born females, in the households studied, who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, is shown according to race of individual:

TABLE 132.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of the 104 foreign-born females studied, 17.3 per cent worked for wages, 1 per cent without wages, and by far the largest proportion, or 81.7 per cent, were without occupation before coming to the United States. Of those working for wages, a larger proportion were employed as farm laborers than in any other occupation. Identically the same proportion, or 2.9 per cent, were employed in the cigar and tobacco industry and in occupations other than specified; 3.8 per cent in sewing, embroidery, etc., while the remaining 1 per cent were in domestic service. As between the Cubans and South Italians, 88.9 per cent of the former, compared with 71.9 per cent of the latter, were without occupation before coming to the United States, while of those working for wages the South Italians show 28.9 per cent, as compared with 11.1 per cent of the Cubans. Of the South Italians, the largest proportion, or 18.4 per cent, were employed as farm laborers. None were employed in domestic service or in the cigar and tobacco industry, and only a small proportion in sewing, embroidery, etc., while 7.9 per cent were in occupations other than specified. The Cubans working for wages before coming to the United States were employed only in the cigar and tobacco industry and in sewing, embroidery, etc.-the proportion in the latter being slightly in excess of that in the former industry. No Cubans or South Italians worked without wages, or for profit, before coming to the United States.

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION OF IMMIGRANT EMPLOYEES BEFORE COMING TO THE UNITED STATES.

The following table shows, by race, the percentage of foreign-born male employees in each specified occupation before coming to the

United States:

TABLE 133.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in each specified occupation before coming to the United States, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The preceding table shows that of 4,043 foreign-born male employees who reported their occupation before coming to the United States, 68.9 per cent were engaged in manufacturing cigars and tobacco, 0.2 per cent were in other manufacturing, 17.1 per cent were farming or farm laborers, 1 per cent were general laborers, 4.3 per cent were in hand trades, 5.5 per cent were in trade, and 3 per cent were engaged in other occupations. The Cuban employees show 87.3 per cent who were engaged in manufacturing cigars and

tobacco before coming to the United States, and 49.8 per cent of the Spanish and 25 per cent of the South Italians who were thus engaged. A very small percentage of South Italian and of the Spanish employees and none of the Cubans were engaged in other manufacturing operations. The South Italian employees show the highest percentage who were farmers or farm laborers, followed by the Spanish, while only 7 per cent of the Cubans depended upon agriculture for an income. The South Italian employees show the highest percentage in the hand trades and the Cubans the lowest percentage. The Spanish show the highest percentage who were in trade and the Cubans the lowest percentage who were thus engaged, while the South Italians show the highest percentage and the Cubans the lowest percentage who were in other occupations.

In the following table the percentage of foreign-born female employees in each specified occupation before coming to the United States is shown according to general nativity and race:

TABLE 134.-Per cent of foreign-born female employees in each specified occupation before coming to the United States, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreignborn.]

The above table shows that, of the 361 foreign-born females employed in manufacturing cigars and tobacco in this locality, and for whom information was obtained, 75.9 per cent were similarly employed before coming to the United States. The next largest proportion, or 13.9 per cent, were in domestic service, 5 per cent were employed in sewing, embroidering, and lace making, 2.8 per cent were engaged in farming or employed as farm laborers, 1.9 per cent were in trade, while in teaching and in other manufacturing less than 0.5 per cent in each instance were employed.

It will be noted from the above table that no Cubans were employed, prior to coming to this country, in manufacturing, other than specified, in domestic science, teaching, or as farm laborers, and that no South Italians were employed in teaching. As between the two races, however, a much larger proportion of the former than the latter were employed in manufacturing cigars and tobacco, a considerably smaller proportion were in domestic service, and a slightly smaller proportion were employed in sewing, embroidering, and lace making prior to coming to this country.

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF MALES AT THE PRESENT TIME, IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

Two tabulations relative to the present industrial status of employees and members of their households are next presented. The first table which follows shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the general occupation of males 16 years of age or over, in the households studied:

TABLE 135.-General occupation of males 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

From the above table it will be noted that, with the exception of 3.3 per cent, the entire number of males for whom information was obtained are in the cigar and tobacco industry. None of these males are at school. The proportion of foreign-born in each occupation, it will be noted, varies little from the proportion shown by the total for these same occupations. All South Italians, and with the exception of 2 per cent otherwise employed, all Cubans are in the cigar and tobacco industry, while of the Spanish, 3.3 per cent are at home, 93.3 per cent in the cigar and tobacco industry, and 3.3 per cent otherwise employed.

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF WOMEN AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the general occupation of females 16 years of age or over in the households studied.