have made one or more visits abroad. The Cuban employees show by far the highest percentage in each period of residence, and in the total who have visited abroad, the Spanish and the South Italian employees follow, in the order mentioned, but in much smaller proportions. The male employees show a considerably higher percentage in each period of residence and in the total than the female employees who have made one or more visits abroad.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES.

The range in ages of employees is exhibited in the table next presented, which shows, by sex, and general nativity and race, the percentage of employees within each specified age group:

TABLE 115.-Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and general nativity

and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

TABLE 115.-Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and general nativity and race-Continued.

The above table shows that of 23,862 employees who reported, 1.7 per cent are under 14 years of age, 26.1 per cent are from 14 to 19. 20.2 per cent are from 20 to 24, 15.3 per cent are from 25 to 29, 10.6 per cent are from 30 to 34, 15.8 per cent are from 35 to 44, 7.2 per cent are from 45 to 54 and 3 per cent are 55 years of age or over. The employees who are native negroes born of native father show the highest percentage who are under 14 years of age, closely followed by the employees who are native whites born of native father, the employees who are native-born of foreign father show an insignificant proportion who are under 14 years of age, while no foreign-born employees are included in this group. The employees who are native whites, born of native father, show the highest percentage of persons from 14 to 19 years of age, followed by the employees who are native-born of foreign father, those who are native negroes born of native father, and the foreign-born employees, in the order named. The employees who are native whites born of native father and those who are nativeborn of foreign father show the highest percentage who are from 20 to 24 years of age, the native negroes born of native father and the foreign-born employees following in somewhat smaller proportions. The foreign-born employees show the highest percentage who are from 25 to 29 years of age, the employees who are native negroes born of native father, those who are native whites born of native father, and the employees who are native-born of foreign father, following in decreasing ratio. Among the employees who are from 30 to 34 years of age, from 35 to 44 years of age, from 45 to 54 and 55 years of age or over, the foreign-born employees show the highest percentages, followed by the employees who are native negroes born of native father, those who are native-born of foreign father, and those who are native whites born of native father, in the order enumerated.

Of the employees who are native-born of foreign father, those whose fathers were born in Germany show 0.1 per cent who are under 14 years of age, as contrasted with no employees whose fathers were born in Cuba or in Ireland who are under the above-mentioned age. Of the employees who are from 14 to 19, from 20 to 24, and from 25 to 29 years of age, those whose fathers were born in Cuba show the highest percentage and the employees whose fathers were born in Ireland the lowest percentage. Of the employees who are from 30 to 34 and 35 to 44 years of age, those whose fathers were born in Ireland show the highest percentage and the employees whose fathers were born in Cuba the lowest percentage. Of the employees who are from 45 to 54 and 55 years of age or over, those of Irish parentage show the highest percentage, followed by the employees of German parentage, while none of the employees of Cuban parentage are included in these groups. Of the employees of foreign birth, the South Italians show the highest percentage and the German employees the lowest percentage who are from 14 to 19 years of age. The South Italian employees show the highest percentage and the German employees the lowest percentage who are from 20 to 24, the Cuban employees show the highest percentage and the German employees the lowest percentage who are from 25 to 29 years of age. The Cuban employees show the highest percentage and the South Italian employees the lowest percentage who are from 30 to 34 and from 35 to 44 years of age, and the German employees show the highest percentage and the South Italian employees the lowest percentage who are from 45 to 54 and 55 years of age or over. The table further shows that a smaller proportion of the male employees are under 14 years of age than of the female employees, the percentage of the male employees who are from 14 to 19 and from 20 to 24 years of age is also smaller than that of the female employees. In each of the other age groups the proportion of male employees is larger than that of the female employees.

CHAPTER V.

GENERAL PROGRESS AND ASSIMILATION.

Citizenship-Ability to speak English-[Text Tables 116 to 120 and General Tables 62 to 64].

CITIZENSHIP.

The following table shows, by race, the present political condition of foreign-born male employees of the cigar and tobacco manufacturing industry in the South who have been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to this country:

TABLE 116.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

The preceding table shows that of 1,891 foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at the time of coming 203, or 10.7 per cent, are fully naturalized and 59, or 3.1 per cent, have first papers only. Of the employees of the different foreign-born races which have been computed the Germans show the greatest proportion fully