Of the 17,216 persons 20 years of age or over employed in the cigar and tobacco industry in the South, 54.1 per cent are married, 37.1 per cent single, and 8.8 per cent widowed. Of the different nativity groups the foreign-born shows the largest and the native-born of foreign father the smallest proportion who were married, the positions of the nativity groups being reversed as regards those who are single, as the proportions who are widowed is approximately the same of each. A larger proportion of the employees who are native-born of foreign father are single than married, while the reverse is true as regards the foreign-born employees. Of the males, a larger proportion of the total number of employees are married than single, while, with the exception of the native-born of native father negro and the foreign-born, the reverse is true as regards the females. The following table divides the totals of the table immediately preceding and shows, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race, the percentage of employees who were in each conjugal condi tion: TABLE 111.-Per cent of employees in each conjugal condition, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race. (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [This table includes only races with 200 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] Grand total.. Total native-born of for eign father.. Total native-born.. Total foreign-born.. 97 53.6 44.3 2.1 136 26.5 70.6 2.9 1,121 53. 1 45.5 1.4 1,215 15.4 80.3, 4.3 382 6.8 82.2 11.0 2,644 36.0 60.3 3.7 3,073 32.5 61.1 6.3 76 18.4 72.4 9.2 406 7.6 78.3 14.0 309 33.0 62.8 4.2 132 51.5 47.0 1.5 2,742 29.665.8 4.6 658 26.7 71.7 1.5 1,618 45.8 49.2 5.0 5,240 55.8 42.7 1.5 4,570 19.8 75.1 5.0 1,879 10.7 76.6 12.7 11,689 34.5 60.8, 4.7 TABLE 111.-Per cent of employees in each conjugal condition, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race-Continued. Native-born of foreign Grand total.... Total native-born of for eign father..... Total native-born. Total foreign-born.. 520 9.469.0 21.5 4,304 44.7 46.5 8.8 5,338 33. 4,54. 1 12.5 8,472 56.4 39.8 3.8 6,312 21.068.210.8 2, 432 11.3 67.3 21.5 17,216 37. 154. 1 8.8 572 74.5 23.3 2.3 5,662 58.3 36.9 4.8 2,810 52.5 45.8 1.7 409 40. 148.9 11.0 3,624 23.8 62. 4 13.9 2,688 17.3 76.0 6.6 160 26. 356. 317.5 1,141 55.4 37.1 7.5 1,497 11.664 524.0 10, 783 40.2 49.3, 10.5 935 10.8 71.8 17.4 6,433 31.762.2 6.0 Of 17,216 employees reporting who are 20 years of age or over, 37.1 per cent are single, 54.1 per cent are married, and 8.8 per cent are widowed. In the group of employees from 20 to 29 years of age, 39.8 per cent are married and 3.8 per cent are widowed. Of the employees from 30 to 44 years of age, 68.2 per cent are married and 10.8 per cent are widowed. Of those who are 45 years of age or over, 67.3 per cent are married and 21.5 per cent are widowed. In the group of employees from 20 to 29 years of age those of foreign birth show the highest percentage who are married, closely followed by the negro employees who are native-born of native father, the employees who are native whites born of native father, and those who are native-born of foreign father follow, in the order named, but in considerably smaller proportions. The native negroes born of native father show the highest percentage who are widowed, followed by the native whites born of native father, the native-born of foreign father, and the foreign-born employees in decreasing ratio. Of the employees who are from 30 to 44 years of age, those who are of foreign birth show the highest percentage married, followed by the negro employees who are native-born of native father and the employees who are native whites born of native father, while the employees who are native-born of foreign father show a considerably smaller percentage of married persons than the three nativity groups mentioned above. The native-born negro employees in this group show the highest percentage and the employees of foreign birth the lowest percentage widowed. Of the employees who are 45 years of age or over, those of foreign birth show the highest percentage married, followed by the employees who are native whites born of native father, the native negroes born of native father, and the employees who are native-born of foreign father in decreasing ratio. The native negroes born of native father show the highest percentage widowed, followed by the native whites born of native father, the employees who are native-born of foreign father, and those of foreign birth, in the order named. Among the employees who are 20 years of age or over, those of foreign birth show the highest percentage married, followed by the native negroes born of native father, the employees who are native whites born of native father, and those who are native-born of foreign father, in the order named. In this group the negroes who are native-born of native father show the highest percentage who are widowed, followed by the native whites born of native father, the employees who are native-born of foreign father, and the employees of foreign birth in decreasing ratio. Of the employees who are native-born of foreign father, those whose fathers were born in Germany show a higher percentage, both married and widowed, in each age group than the employees whose fathers were born in Ireland. Of the foreign-born employees, the South Italians show the highest percentage and the Spanish employees the lowest percentage who are married in each age group. The Cuban employees show the highest percentage widowed and the South Italian employees the lowest percentage widowed in each age group. It is further noted that the percentage of the male employees who are married is considerably higher than that of the female employees who are married in each age group. The percentage of the female employees in each age group who are widowed is very much higher than that of the male employees. It is particularly noticeable that of the female employees, over 25 per cent of those from 30 to 44 years of age and over 50 per cent of those 45 years of age or over are widowed. The most significant fact in connection with the conjugal condition of employees of foreign birth, especially those of recent immigration, is found in the location of the wives of married males. Although a large proportion of foreign-born cigar and tobacco operatives are married, a considerable proportion, especially of recent immigrants left their wives at home when immigrating to the United States. The following table shows, by race of husband, the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and percentage who report wife abroad. TABLE 112.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and per cent who report wife abroad, by race of husband. (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [This table includes only races with 40 or more husbands reporting. The total, however, is for all foreignborn.] Of 3,256 foreign-born husbands for whom information was secured 96.8 per cent report wives in the United States and 3.2 per cent report wives abroad. The Spanish husbands show 3.7 per cent reporting wife abroad, the Cuban husbands 3.4 per cent, and the South Italian husbands 1.5 per cent who report wife abroad, while all of the German husbands report wives in the United States. The extent to which foreign-born employees who came to this country without their wives send for them after designated periods of residence is set forth in the table next presented, which shows, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States, the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad. TABLE 113.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States. (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more husbands reporting.] Of 794 Spanish husbands for whom information was secured 3.7 per cent report wives abroad, of 1,800 Cuban husbands 3.4 per cent. report wives abroad, while 1.5 per cent of the 477 South Italian husbands report wives abroad. The Cuban husbands show 6.6 per cent of those who have been in the United States under five years who 48296°-VOL 15-11-12 report wives abroad, while the Spanish husbands show 7.2 per cent and the South Italian husbands 2.2 per cent having wives abroad and who have been in the United States under five years. Of the husbands who have been in the United States from five to nine years the Spanish show 2.5 per cent, the South Italians 1.1 per cent, and the Cubans 0.7 per cent who report wives abroad. Of the husbands who have been in this country ten years or over the Cubans show the greatest proportion, which is 3.2 per cent, followed by the Spanish with 2.3 per cent, while the South Italians show only 1.2 per cent of husbands who report wives abroad. VISITS ABROAD. The disposition manifested by employees of foreign birth to return to their native lands for visits of varying duration after designated periods of residence in this country is considered in the table next submitted. It shows, by sex, years in the United States, and race. the visits abroad made by foreign-born employees. TABLE 114.- Visits abroad made by foreign-born employees, by sex, years in the United States, and race. (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 200 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.] Of a total of 7,167 foreign-born employees for whom information was secured, 31.8 per cent have made one or more visits abroad. Of those who have been in the United States under five years, 17.9 per cent have made one or more visits abroad, of those with a residence of from five to nine years, 40 per cent have visited abroad and of those with a residence of ten years or over, 42.2 per cent |