The foregoing table shows that of 257 foreign-born husbands, 73.5 per cent report wife in the United States and 26.5 per cent report wife abroad. Of the Greek husbands, 93.6 per cent report wife abroad, as contrasted with only 1.8 per cent of the German husbands who report wife abroad.

The German is the only race which shows by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad.

Of the 111 German husbands who report location of wife, none who have been in the United States under five years report wife abroad. The number reporting who have been in the United States from five to nine years was not computed, owing to the small number involved. Of those with a residence of ten years or over, 2 per cent of the German husbands report wife abroad, and of the total number reporting, 1.8 per cent report wife abroad.

VISITS ABROAD.

The disposition manifested by employees of foreign birth to return abroad for visits of varying duration after designated periods of residence in this country is considered in the table next submitted. It shows, by sex, years in the United States, and race, the visits abroad made by foreign-born employees.

TABLE 84.- Visits abroad made by foreign-born employees, by sex, years in the United States, and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 200 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of 966 foreign-born employees, 3.7 per cent of those who have been in the United States under five years, 6 per cent of those who have been in the United States from five to nine years, and 11.8 per cent of those with a residence of ten years or over have made one or more

visits abroad. Of the total number reporting, 6.1 per cent have visited abroad. The Polish employees show 1.2 per cent of those who have been in the United States under five years, 2.2 per cent of those with a residence of from five to nine years, and 8.3 per cent of those who have been in this country ten years or over have made visits abroad. Of the total number of Polish employees reported, 2.2 per cent have made one or more visits abroad. Of the employees of foreign birth who have been in the United States under five years the males show a higher percentage than the females who have made one or more visits abroad. Of the employees who have been in the United States from five to nine years and ten years or over the females show a higher percentage than the male employees who have visited abroad. Of the total number of foreign-born employees reporting a higher percentage of males than of females have visited abroad.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES.

The range in ages of employees is exhibited in the table next presented, which shows, by sex, general nativity, and race of individual, the percentage of employees within each specified age group.

TABLE 85.-Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and general nativity and

race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

TABLE 85.-Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and general nativity and race-Continued.

Of 5,443 employees shown in the foregoing table, 27.7 per cent are from 14 to 19 years of age, 23.4 per cent are from 20 to 24, 14.1 per cent are from 25 to 29, 9.6 per cent are from 30 to 34, 14.6 per cent are from 35 to 44, 6.8 per cent are from 45 to 54, and 3.7 per cent are 55 years of age or over. The employees who are native whites born of native father show the highest percentage of persons who are from 14 to 19 years of age, the employees who are native-born of foreign father, those of foreign birth, and the native negroes born of native father follow, in the order named. Of the persons from 20 to 24 years of age, the foreign-born employees show the highest percentage, followed by those who are native negroes born of native father, the employees who are native whites born of native father, and those who are native-born of foreign father in decreasing proportions. The

employees of foreign birth also show the highest percentage of persons from 25 to 29 years of age, the whites who are native-born of native father, the negroes who are native-born of native father, and the employees who are native-born of foreign father follow in slightly smaller proportions. Of the employees who are from 30 to 34 and from 35 to 44 years of age, those who are native-born of foreign father show the highest percentage, followed by the negro employees who are native-born of native father, the native whites born of native father and those who are native-born of foreign father, in the order mentioned. In the group including the employees from 45 to 54 years of age those who are native negroes born of native father show the highest percentage, followed in decreasing ratio by the employees who are native-born of foreign father, those who are native whites born of native father and the employees of foreign birth. Of the employees 55 years of age or over, those who are foreign-born show the highest percentage, followed by the native negroes born of native father, the native whites born of native father and the employees who are native-born of foreign father, in the order named. Of the employees who are native-born of foreign father, those whose fathers were born in Austria-Hungary show the highest percentage and those whose fathers were born in Ireland the lowest percentage in the group including the employees from 14 to 19 years of age. The employees whose fathers were born in Germany show the highest percentage and those whose fathers were born in Ireland the lowest percentage in the group including persons from 20 to 24 years of age. employees whose fathers were born in Austria-Hungary show the highest percentage and those whose fathers were born in Germany the lowest percentage of persons from 25 to 29 years of age, and the employees whose fathers were born in Ireland exhibit the highest percentage and those whose fathers were born in Germany the lowest percentage from 30 to 44 years of age. In the groups including employees from 35 to 44, 45 to 54, and 55 years of age or over, the employees whose fathers were born in Ireland show the highest percentage, while those whose fathers were born in Austria-Hungary show the lowest percentage in the two groups first mentioned and no persons who are 55 years of age or over. Of the foreign-born employees who are from 14 to 19 and from 20 to 24 years of age the Poles show the highest per cent and the Germans the lowest percentage. Of the employees who are from 25 to 29, 30 to 34, and 35 to 44 years of age the Greeks show the highest per cent and the Poles the lowest percentage. Of those who are from 45 to 54 years of age the Germans show the highest per cent and the Poles the lowest percentage. In the group of employees who are 55 years of age or over the Germans show 24.6 per cent, the Slovaks and Poles less than 1 per cent, and the Greeks no persons who are of the above-mentioned age. In the groups including the employees who are from 14 to 19 and from 20 to 24 years of age the females show a considerably higher per cent than the males, while in each of the remaining age groups the males show the highest percentage.

The

CHAPTER V.

GENERAL PROGRESS AND ASSIMILATION.

Citizenship-Ability to speak English-[Text Tables 86 to 89 and General Tables 46 to 48].

CITIZENSHIP.

The extent to which foreign-born employees of the cigar and tobacco manufacturing industry in the Middle West have acquired or manifest an interest in attaining citizenship is indicated in the following table, which shows by race the present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to this country.

TABLE 86.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

The preceding table shows that of 87 foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at the time of coming 62.1 per cent are fully naturalized and 11.5 per cent have first papers only. The German employees show 78 per cent fully naturalized and 8 per cent having first papers only.

137