VISITS ABROAD.

The tendency manifested by foreign-born employees to return to their own countries for visits of varying duration after designated periods of residence in this country is considered in the following table, which shows visits abroad made by foreign-born employees, according to sex, years in the United States, and race:

TABLE 63.-Visits abroad made by foreign-born employees, by sex, years in the United States, and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 200 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The above table shows that of 1,596 foreign-born employees 8.6 per cent have made one or more visits abroad. Of those who have been in the United States under five years, 4.5 per cent have made one or more visits abroad, of the foreign-born employees with a residence of from five to nine years, 11.3 per cent, and of those who have been in this country ten years or over, 13.8 per cent have made one or more visits abroad. The Polish employees show a slightly smaller percentage of those who have been in the United States under five years and also in the total irrespective of length of residence than is shown in the totals for all foreign-born male employees. The per cent of the Polish employees with a residence of from five to nine years and ten years or over is higher than that shown in the totals for all employees having the above periods of residence. The Polish female employees who have been in the United States under five years show a slightly higher percentage than the Polish males having this period of residence who have visited abroad, while in each of the other specified periods of residence and in the total the percentage of the Polish males who have made one or more visits abroad is considerably higher than that of the female employees who are of that race.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES.

The following table shows, by sex and general nativity and race, the percentage of employees within each age group:

TABLE 64.—Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and general nativity and

race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

TABLE 64.-Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and general nativity and race-Continued.

The preceding table shows that of 7,259 employees who reported, 43.5 per cent are from 14 to 19 years of age, 25.8 per cent are from 20 to 44, 11.3 per cent are from 25 to 29, 5.7 per cent are from 30 to 44, 7.9 per cent are from 35 to 44, 3.9 per cent are from 45 to 54, and 1.8 per cent are 55 years of age or over. The employees who are native whites born of native father show the highest percentage who are from 14 to 19 years of age, followed, in the order named, by employees who are native-born of foreign father and those of foreign birth. The employees who are native whites born of native father also show the highest percentage in the group of persons from 20 to 24 years of age, followed by the foreign-born and the native-born of foreign father. In the groups including persons from 25 to 29, from 30 to 34, from 35 to 44, and from 45 to 54 years of age the foreign-born employees show the highest per cent, followed by those who are native-born of foreign father and the employees who are native whites born of native father in somewhat smaller proportions. Of the employees who are 55 years of age or over, those of foreign birth show the highest per cent, followed by the native-born whites of native father and the employees who are native-born of foreign father, in the order mentioned.

Of the employees who are native-born of foreign father, those whose fathers were born in Russia show the highest per cent from 14 to 19 years of age, those whose fathers were born in Ireland the highest

percentage who are from 20 to 24, 25 to 29, 30 to 34, 35 to 44, and 45 to 54 years of age; the employees whose fathers were born in England show the highest percentage who are 55 years of age or over.

Of the foreign-born employees, the North Italians show the highest percentage of persons who are from 14 to 19 years of age, the Poles show the highest percentage of persons who are from 20 to 24, the Magyars the highest percentage of persons who are from 25 to 29, the English and the Slovaks the highest percentage of persons who are 30 to 34, and the Irish the highest percentage who are from 35 to 44, 45 to 54, and 55 years of age or over. The female employees show a considerably higher percentage than the male employees of persons who are from 14 to 19 and from 20 to 24 years of age, while the male employees show a higher percentage than the female employees of persons within each of the other specified age groups. The Slovaks and Magyar female employees show small proportions who are under 14 years of age, while no employees of other specified races and under the above-mentioned age are reported.

། ! ༤༡རུ

CHAPTER V.

GENERAL PROGRESS AND ASSIMILATION.

Citizenship-Ability to speak English-[Text Tables 65 to 67 and General Tables 30 to 32].

CITIZENSHIP.

The extent to which employees of the cigar and tobacco manufacturing industry in the Eastern States have acquired or manifested an interest in attaining citizenship is very small.

Of the 184 foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, 30.4 per cent are fully naturalized and 15.8 per cent have first papers only.

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

The following table shows, by sex and race, the percentage of foreign-born employees of non-English-speaking races who were able to speak English.

TABLE 65.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

Of 2,496 foreign-born employees for whom information was secured, 50.6 per cent speak English; of this number 961 are males, 57.9 per cent of whom speak English and 1,535 are females, 46.1 per cent of whom speak English. The Russian Hebrew employees show the greatest proportion, which is 89.1 per cent who speak English; the North Italian, the German, the South Italian, and the Russian employees follow with a percentage varying from 59.2 to 76.5 per cent who can speak English. The Polish, the Greek, and the Magyar

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