cutters and manufacturers to come here and testify. I could not get them to come here and testify, and I presume they feared to testify because if they would testify they might be militating against the concentrates in the textile field. For that reason they did not come into this room to give us valuable information in connection with that bill. Now, what is the remedy there?

Mr. TEPER. I suppose that one of the remedies would be to subpena the manufacturers or, even better, their trade associations. The second remedy is to hold closed hearings so that the manufacturers could talk freely for the benefit of the committee without jeopardizing their standing with those with whom they have to deal.

The CHAIRMAN. How could we feel sure that the concentrates in the textile world or the concentrates evolved in these buying syndicates would not, nonetheless, despite promises to the contrary, exact tribute and concessions from the people that you represent?

Mr. TEPER. I frankly do not have an answer at that point. I cannot tell you what legal remedies they may have, because I am not an attorney.

The CHAIRMAN. You see that you have a very unusual situation, where a very distinguished economist like yourself, and a very distinguished lawyer like Mr. Schlesinger of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, come here and take up the cudgels for the manufacturers.

The manufacturers ought to be down here themselves to testify as to what you have stated here this morning.

Mr. TEPER. I personally hope that they will make a request to be heard, and I hope that the committee will exert its influence to have them come and tell their story.

The CHAIRMAN. I hope you will go back-we hope that when you go back to New York-you will tell them that the door is open here to hear whatever they may wish to state on this subject, and if any of these for lack of a better term-concentrates will take reprisals out against them, we will endeavor to come, as far as we may and can, to their rescue. I hope you will bring that word back to them. Mr. TEPER. Yes, sir. I will be very glad to do so.

The CHAIRMAN. We are very grateful to you, Dr. Teper, and Mr. Schlesinger, for your presence here this morning, and your very interesting testimony.

At this point in the record we will insert your exhibits numbered I through X.

(The documents referred to follow:)

EXHIBIT I.-Number of establishments and workers, dress industry, New York metropolitan area, by type of establishments, 1947

EXHIBIT II.-Distribution of women's, misses', and juniors' outerwear manu facturers and jobbers by size, United States, 1946

As of December 1946, there were 3,950 manufacturers and jobbers in the women's misses', and juniors' outerwear industry reporting to the Bureau of the Census.

Source: Bureau of the Census, Facts for Industry: Women's, Misses', and Juniors Outerwear, 1946.

EXHIBIT III.-Distribution of women's coat and suit manufacturers and jobbers, by size, 1945 and 1947

EXHIBIT IV.-Distribution of dress industry firms, by sales volume, 1946

EXHIBIT V.-Distribution of women's coat and suit and dress manufacturers and jobbers, by the number of years in business

Data for coat and suit industry as of August 1, 1946, and December 31, 1947; data for dress industry as of October 15, 1947.

Source: National Credit Office.

EXHIBIT VI.-New firms entering business, women's coat and suit and dress industries, New York metropolitan area, by type of operation, 1948

EXHIBIT VII.—Extent of control of fabric of four largest textile producers for several types of fabrics usable in women's garment manufacture, 1937

EXHIBIT VII.-Extent of control of fabric of four largest textile producers for several types of fabrics usable in women's garment manufacture, 1937-Con.

1 Withheld to avoid disclosing the operations of the remaining companies. There is not necessarily a disclosure among the leading four companies.

* Withheld to avoid disclosing the operations of individual companies.

Source: Investigation of Concentration of Economic Power, Temporary National Economic Committee, Monograph No. 27: The Structure of Industry, Washington, 1941, pp. 426-434.

EXHIBIT VIII.-Growth of major textile companies in United States, 1939–48

NOTE.-When fiscal periods differed from the calendar year, sales were assigned to 1939 and 1948 when the major part of the fiscal year fell into those calendar periods.

Source: Standard Corp. Record, Moody's Industrials; Fairchild Publications.